NCM 110:

NURSING INFORMATICS

CARIDEL S. GUILLARDO,RN
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
◦ At the end of this lecture, learners will be able to:
◦ Define Nursing Informatics
◦ Highlight new technologies and their application in traditional and
new environments of nursing.
◦ Highlight a brief historical perspective of nursing and computer.
◦ List the major landmark events and milestone of nursing and
computers.
◦the profession or practice of providing care
for the sick and infirm.
Informatics is Define as:
◦the science of processing data for storage
and retrieval; information science.
 What is NURSING INFORMATICS?
◦ A specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, and
information science to manage and communicate data, information,
and knowledge in nursing practice. Nursing Informatics facilitates
the integration of data, information, and knowledge to support
patients, nurses and other providers in their decision-making in all
roles and settings. This supports accomplished through the use of
information structures, information processes, and information
technology.
◦ American Nurses Association (ANA,2001)
Charles Darwin: THE EVOLUTION OF MAN
 Thermometers evolves too…
BEFORE
THEN… NOW!
…
NURSING AND
COMPUTER
 ◦ Is the most powerful technological tool to
COMPUTER transform the nursing profession prior to the
new century.
◦ It has transformed the nursing paper-based
records to computer-based records.
◦ Is an all encompassing term referring to
information technology (IT), computer
systems and when they are used in nursing,
refer to nursing information systems
(NISs), nursing application, and/or
nursing informatics (NI).
COMPUTER IN NURSING USES
◦ Manage Information in patient care
◦ Monitor the quality of care
◦ Evaluates the outcome of care
◦ Increasingly involved with systems used for planning,
budgeting and policy-making for patient care services.
COMPUTER IN NURSING USES
◦ Enhancing Nursing Education and distance learning with
new media modalities
◦ Supports Nursing research, test new systems, design new
knowledge databases, and advance role of nursing in
health care industry.
MAJOR HISTORICAL
PERSPECTIVE OF
NURSING AND
COMPUTERS
Major historical perspective of nursing and computers

1. Six Time Period

2. 4 major nursing areas
3. Standards initiative
4. Significant landmarks event
SIX TIME PERIODS
A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
 Prior to 1960
◦ 1950: computer industry grew,
computers were used in health
care industry as basic business
office functions like punch card
to store data and card readers to
read computer programs, sort, and
prepare data for processing.
◦ Teletypwriter to print their output
Prior to 1960
1960
◦ Uses of computer technology in health care settings
began to be questioned.
◦ Computer Technology advanced while number of health
care facilities increased.
◦ Introduction of CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT)
terminals, online data communication, and real time
processing added important dimensions to computer
system providing more accessible and “user friendly”
machines
 1960
◦ Hospital Information System (HIS) were developed primarily to
process financial transactions and serve as billing and accounting
systems.
◦ HIS emerged limited number of medical orders and nursing care
activities.
◦ Because of technology limitations, lack of standardization, and
diversity of paper-based patient care records, progress was slow.
 1970
◦ Inevitable continued integration of computers into Nursing. Nurses began
to recognize the value of computer for their profession.
◦ Several states and large community health agencies developed and/or
contracted for their own computer-based management information
system (MIS).
◦ Public Health MISs provided statistical information for program funds.
◦ Home Health agencies provided billing and other financial information.
(Medicare,Medicaid)
1980 ◦ Nursing Informatics (NI) became an accepted
specialty and many nursing experts entered the field.
◦ Computer-based patient record system (CPRSs)
◦ Emerged Nursing Subsystem: Namely, Order Entry,
emulating Kardex, results reporting, vital signs, nurses
notes, discharge planning.
◦ Microcomputer/Personal Computer
Computer-based patient record system (CPRSs)
◦ Computer technology became an integral part of
health care settings, nursing practice and the 1990
nursing profession.
◦ 1992,NI was approved by the American Nurses
Association (ANA)as new Nursing specialty.
◦ 1990’s brought smaller and faster computers-
laptops and notebooks-to bedside and all of point-
of-care settings.
◦ Local Area Network (LAN) for nursing units and
Wide Area Networks (WAN)linking across health
facilities
 ◦ Internet brought new cyberspace tools forming building
blocks for increasingly sophisticated information
technologies. It became an integral component of IT systems.
◦ 1995: mainstream social milieu with electronic mail (e-
mail), file transfer protocol (FTP), Gopher, TelNet,and
WWW protocols

1990 ◦ Internet began to used for High Performance Computing

and Communication (HPCC) or the “information
superhighway”
◦ Web became the means for communicating online services
and resources to the nursing community
◦ WWW used to browse the Internet and search world wide
resources.
 Post 2000
◦ Electronic Patient Record (EPR):
clinical information system
◦ Electronic Health Record (EHR):
lifelong longitudinal record
◦ Advance Mobile technologies:
Personal Digital Assistant (PDA),
wireless tablet computer, smart
cellular telephones.
 FOUR MAJOR
NURSING AREAS
A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
 Nursing Practice
◦ Has evolved and change radically and becomes integral part of
EHR.
◦ Patient care data, nursing care plans are no longer separate
subsystems of the computerized HISs, but rather integrated
into one interdisciplinary patient health record.
◦ Introduction of several nursing terminologies recognized by
ANA as coded terminologies usable for EHR.
 Nursing Administration
◦ Most policy and procedure manuals are
accessed and retrieved by computer.
◦ Workload measures, acuity systems and other
nursing department systems are online and
integrated with the hospital system.
◦ Internet is being used by nurses to access
digital libraries, online resources, research
protocols at the bedside.
Nursing Education
◦ Most universities and schools of nursing offer computer
enhanced courses, online courses and/or distance
education.
◦ Campus-wide computer systems are available for students
to communicate via e-mail, transfer data, files, access digital
libraries and retrieve online resources.
◦ Interactive teleconferencing courses also bring classroom
lectures via computer system via digital telephone line or
satellite communication to remote areas.
◦ Time, distance, cost are no longer barriers to educational
programs.
Nursing Research
◦ Provides the impetus to use
computer for analyzing nursing data.
◦ Software programs are available for
processing research data
STANDARDS
INITIATIVE
A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
 Nursing Practice
Standards
◦ Focused on organizational principles of clinical nursing
practice and professional performance.
◦ Nursing Process serve as the conceptual framework for
documentation of nursing practice.(ANA)
◦ Stress adequate records on patients in hospitals and practice
standard documentation of care by nurses. (Joint
Commission on Accreditation of Hospital Organization or
JCAHO)
Nursing Data Standards
◦ 13 nursing terminologies that have been recognized by ANA.
◦ NANDA
Health Care Data Standards Organization
◦ It is a critical to review the
standards organization that have
emerged to either develop or
recommend health care data
standards that should be
recommended to the federal
government.
LANDMARK EVENTS IN
NURSING AND
COMPUTER
A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
 Landmarks
◦ Computers were introduced into nursing
profession 50 years ago
◦ Landmark events:
◦ Early conferences, meetings
◦ Early academic initiatives
◦ Initial Health Care Data Standards initiative
◦ International Initiative
◦ Initial Educational Services
◦ Significant Collaborative Events
 HEALTH
INFORMATICS
HEALTH is defined as:
◦ “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and
social well-being and not merely the absence of disease
or infirmity.”
◦ -World Health Organization

Informatics is Define as: