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Chapter Tree Upper Limb Chapter

The document summarizes the anatomy of the upper limb. It describes the bones and joints of the shoulder girdle (clavicle, scapula), arm (humerus), forearm (ulna, radius), hand (carpals, metacarpals, phalanges), and elbow joint. It also discusses common fractures including of the clavicle, radius, ulna, and discusses the cubital fossa and venipuncture sites.

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Ayro Business Center
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28 views

Chapter Tree Upper Limb Chapter

The document summarizes the anatomy of the upper limb. It describes the bones and joints of the shoulder girdle (clavicle, scapula), arm (humerus), forearm (ulna, radius), hand (carpals, metacarpals, phalanges), and elbow joint. It also discusses common fractures including of the clavicle, radius, ulna, and discusses the cubital fossa and venipuncture sites.

Uploaded by

Ayro Business Center
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UPPER LIMB

ANATOMY

chapter three
outline
 shoulder girdle
clavicle
scapula
• Arm
humerus
• Cubital fossa
• Forearm
ulnar and radius
• Hand
carpus , metacarpus , phalanges
Pectoral (shoulder) girdle
• Consist of two bones
1= clavicle
2= scapula
 Loosely attached , held in place largely by
musculature
 frees girdle to move over the thorax
Clavicle

 S - shaped
Have
 sternal end : articulate with sternum
 acromial end : articulate with scapula
 Trapezoid line : to which Trapezoid
ligament attaches
clavicle
Function of clavicle

 connects the upper limb to the trunk


 attachment site for muscles of the thorax
and shoulder
 enables elevation of the ribs for deep
inspiration
What happen after fracture of clavicle?
Fracture of clavicle

 Commonly caused by an indirect force an


outstretched hand during fall
 The weakest part is middle and lateral
third
 after fracture – the shoulder will drop
Scapula
Triangular flat bone
Leis posterolateral aspect of the thorax overlying the
2nd and 7th ribs
have
Spine and acromion for attachment of trapezius
muscles
Glenoid cavity for articulate with head of the
humerus
Glenoid cavity

spine
Humerus ( Arm )
The longest bone of the upper extremity
 Consist of head , shaft ( body ), anatomical
neck & surgical neck
 the head of the humerus articulate
proximally with the glenoid cavity of the
scapula.
Ulna ( Forearm )
The medial and longer of the two forearm bones.
Has two notch
1= trochlear notch articulate with humerus
2= radial notch articulate with radius
Also it consist body and head
NB. Ulna does not reach the wrist
Radius ( Forearm )
The lateral and shorter of the two forearm bones.
extends from the lateral side of the elbow to
the thumb side of the wrist and runs parallel to the
ulna
 it consist of head , neck , body .
the radius is thicker then ulna
The radius is part of two joints: the elbow and
the wrist.
Fracture of ulna and radius

 A direct injury usually produce


transverse fracture at the same level
often in the middle third of the bones .
Colles fracture

 result from forced dorsiflexion the hand


 the most common fracture of the forearm
Is complete fracture of the distal end of the radius
 often , the ulnar styloid process is avulsed
(broken off )
 this fracture is often referred to as a dinner fork
deformity
Elbow joint
The elbow joint is a synovial joint found
in the upper limb between the arm and the
forearm.
It is the point of articulation of three bones:
the humerus of the arm and the radius and
the ulna of the forearm.
Elbow joint

 joints is provided by a highly viscous


synovial fluid, which acts as a lubricant.

 The elbow joint is functionally


a hinge joint
Cubital fossa
 Depression on the anterior aspect of the
elbow

 found medial cubital vein that used


venipuncture
Venipuncture

Is puncture of vein to draw blood or


inject a solution.

The median vein is commonly used .

Arising from cephalic and basilic vein


Basilic
vein

cephalic

Median cubital
vein
The Hand
Carpal bones
 8 bones , from the wrist (carpus )
 arranged in to two rows – proximal row and distal row.
Proximal rows
 scaphoid
 lunate
 Triquetrum
 pisiform
Carpal bones
Distal row
 Trapezium

 Trapezoid
 Capitate
 Hamate
test
Triquetrum is part of distal row
A: True B: false

Which one of the following isn’t part of proximal rows


A: Triquetrum B: lunate C: Hamate
Metacarpal bones
 Forms the skeleton of the palm
 Composed of five metacarpal bones
 each metacarpal consist of a base , shaft and
head
Phalanges
o14 bones : form the fingers
o the distal phalanges are flattened and expended
at their distal end which underlie the nail beds
Deltoid muscle
 is Injection sites

 The deltoid muscle in the outer portion of


the upper arm is used for injections of small
volume, usually equal to or less than 2 ml.
This includes most intramuscular
vaccinations.
Thank you
Dr: osma

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