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6 - Transformer Regulation

The document discusses transformer voltage regulation, which is defined as the percentage change in secondary voltage from no load to full load. It states that voltage regulation depends on the internal resistance and reactances of the primary and secondary windings, and is also affected by the type of load connected. Resistive loads provide minimum regulation around unity power factor, while inductive loads give positive regulation and capacitive loads give negative regulation. The normal range of regulation is 5-10%. An example problem calculates the secondary voltage at full load given the no-load voltage and a 5% regulation.

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26 views

6 - Transformer Regulation

The document discusses transformer voltage regulation, which is defined as the percentage change in secondary voltage from no load to full load. It states that voltage regulation depends on the internal resistance and reactances of the primary and secondary windings, and is also affected by the type of load connected. Resistive loads provide minimum regulation around unity power factor, while inductive loads give positive regulation and capacitive loads give negative regulation. The normal range of regulation is 5-10%. An example problem calculates the secondary voltage at full load given the no-load voltage and a 5% regulation.

Uploaded by

sivagrnthn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transformer Regulation

Intro-Regulation
• The output of the transformer is electrical energy – Voltage that
drives the current thru the load.
• For ideal transformer with negligible resistance, losses and drops is
negligible.
• The secondary voltage will not drop from no load to full load for ideal
transformer.
• Voltage Regulation is defined as the change in secondary voltage
when rated load at a specified power is removed.
• Voltage regulation is specified as a percentage of the secondary
voltage % 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝑹𝒆𝒈𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏=
𝑽 −𝑽
𝟐 𝑵𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 𝟐 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅
𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎 %
𝑽 𝟐 𝑵𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅
Voltage Regulation - Determination
• The characteristics of the transformer is based on voltage drops.
• A good transformer should have low voltage regulation from no load to full load.
• Determination of voltage regulation – Load Test (Direct Method) and OC (Open Circuit)
and SC (Short Circuit) test data(Indirect Method-Predetermination)
• Voltage regulation depends on the internal drop taking place inside the transformer
due to the resistance and reactances of primary and secondary windings.
• The other important factor that affects the regulation is the type of load connected to
the secondary of the transformer.
• Load can be Resistive, inductive or capacitive in nature providing unity, lagging or
leading power factor conditions.
• Based on the type of load, the regulation can also be positive (inductive load) or
negative (capacitive load)
Regulation of Transformer

Regulation is minimum around UPF conditions – Resistive loading

When power factor decreases - regulation increases

Regulation positive – resistive and inductive load

Regulation negative – capacitive load

Normal range of Regulation is 5 to 10%


Equivalent Circuit Model
Primary Winding Secondary Winding

No-load Components
Using Transformation Ratio ‘K’, the elements in secondary can be transferred to Primary
′ 𝑅2 ′ 𝑋2 ′ 𝑉
𝑅 2= 2 𝑋 2= 2 𝑉 2=
𝐾 𝐾 𝐾
′
𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑤 .𝑟 . 𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑅01= 𝑅1 + 𝑅 2
′
𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑤 . 𝑟 .𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑋 01 = 𝑋 1 + 𝑋 2
Problem
Voltage drop in a 115/230V transformer from no load to full load is 5%. Find
the secondary voltage at full load.
Given: V1=115V V2=230V % voltage regulation = 5%

Solution:
𝑽 𝟐 𝑵𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 − 𝑽 𝟐 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅
% 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝑹𝒆𝒈𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏= 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎 %
𝑽 𝟐 𝑵𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅

𝑽 𝟐 𝑵𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 =𝟐𝟑𝟎 𝑽

𝟐𝟑𝟎 −𝑽 𝟐 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅
𝟓 %=
𝟐𝟑𝟎
𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎 % 0.05

=11.5 =218.5V

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