Review

D i re c t i o n s : A n s we r t h e f o l l ow i n g q u e s t i o n s

1. How to calculate the area of standard normal

probability between zero?

2. How to calculate the area of standard normal

probability going to the right?

3. How to calculate the area of standard normal

probability going to the left?

4. How to calculate the area of standard normal

probability between
Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World , 3 e 2
DRILL
D i re c t i o n s : F i n d t h e a re a o f re g i o n

1. Between zero z= 0 and z= 2.45

2. Right z= -1.42

3. Left z= 3.22

4. Between two z= -3.11 and z= 2.45

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World , 3 e 4

Entry
Point
D i re c t i o n s : F i n d t h e a re a o f re g i o n

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World , 3 e 6

Standardizing
a Normal
Probability
D ist ribut ions
D e f i n e Te r m s

 A population includes all of the elements

from a set of data.

 A sample consists of one or more

observations drawn from the population.

 Sample mean ()𝒙̅is the mean of sample

values collected.

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World , 3 e 8

D e f i n e Te r m s

 Population mean (µ) is the mean of all the

values in the population. If the sample is
randomly selected and sample size is
large, then the sample mean would be a
good estimate of the population mean.

 Population standard deviation (𝝈) is a

parameter which is a measure of
variability with fixed value calculated
from every individual in the population.

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World , 3 e 9

D e f i n e Te r m s

 Sample standard deviation (𝒔 ) is a

statistic which means that this measure
of variability is calculated from only
some of the individuals in a population.

 Population variance (), in the same

sense, indicates how the population
data points are spread out. It is the
average.

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World , 3 e 10

FORMULA:
P roba bilit y and Normal Distribution

If a random variable, x , is normally distributed,

you can find the probability that x will fall in a
given interval by calculating the area under the
normal curve for that interval.

μ = 10
P ( x < 15) σ=5

x
μ =10 15

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World , 3 e 12

 P roba bilit y a nd
N orma l
Distributions
Normal Distribution Standard Normal Distribution
μ = 10 μ=0
σ=5 σ=1

P ( x < 15) P(z < 1)

x z
μ =10 15 μ =0 1

Same area

P ( x < 15) = P(z < 1) = Shaded area under the curve

= 0.8413
Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World , 3 e 13
 P roba bilit y a nd
N orma l
Example:
The average on aDistributions
statistics test was 78 with a standard
deviation of 8. If the test scores are normally distributed,
find the probability that a student receives a test score
less than 90.
μ = 78
σ=8 z  xσ
μ = 908-
78 = 1.5
P ( x < 90)

The probability that

x a student receives a
μ =78 90 test score less than 90
z
μ =0
is 0.9332.
1? .
5
P ( x < 90) = P(z < 1.5) = 0.9332

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World , 3 e 14

 P roba bilit y a nd
N orma l
Example:
Distributions
The average on a statistics test was 78 with a standard
deviation of 8. If the test scores are normally distributed,
find the probability that a student receives a test score
greater than than 85.
μ = 78 z = xσ
-μ = 85 - 78
8
σ=8
= 0.875 
P ( x > 85) 0.88
The probability that a
x student receives a test
μ =78 85 score greater than 85 is
z
0.1894.
μ =0 0?8.
8
P ( x > 85) = P(z > 0.88) = 1  P(z < 0.88) = 1  0.8106 = 0.1894

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World , 3 e 15

 P roba bilit y a nd
N orma l
Example:
The average on aDistributions
statistics test was 78 with a standard
deviation of 8. If the test scores are normally distributed,
find the probability that a student receives a test score
between 60 and 80. xμ- 60 - = -2.25
z1 = σ = 8
P(60 < x < 80) 78
z 2  xμ- 80 - 78 = 0.25
σ = 8
μ = 78
σ=8
The probability that a
x student receives a test
60 μ =78 80 score between 60 and 80
z
is 0.5865.
2.?25 μ =0 0.?25

P(60 < x < 80) = P(2.25 < z < 0.25) = P(z < 0.25)  P(z < 2.25)
=
Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World , 3 e 16
Activity
Do the tas ks fo r each o f the fo l l ow in g given times

A. Given the normally X with mean 20 and

standard deviation 2.5. Find the
following:

1. P(x>16)
2. P(x<21)
3. P(15<x<22)
4. P(14<x<16)

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World , 3 e 18

Percentiles for
Normal
Distributions
Percentiles for Normal Distributions

A percentile is a measure used in

statistics indicating the value below which
a given percentage of observations in a
group of observations fall. It is a measure
of relative standing as it measures the
relationship of a measurement of the rest
of the data.
Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World , 3 e 20
Percentiles for Normal Distributions

Example 1

Find the 89th percentile of the normal

curve.

By definition, the P89 means locating an

area before or below the point. We want
to know what the z-value is at this point.
Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World , 3 e 21
Percentiles for Normal Distributions

1. Express the given percentage as

probability, remember 89% is the same as
0.8900.
2. Using the z-table (Cumulative Distribution
Function (CDF) of the Standard

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World , 3 e 22

Percentiles for Normal Distributions

3. There is no area corresponding exactly to

0.8900. It is between of 0.8888 with
a corresponding z - score of 1.22 and 0.8907 with
a corresponding z - score of
1.23. The nearest value to 0.8900 is 0.8888 and
therefore, the distribution
lies below z = 1.22.
4. Construct a normal curve and shade the region
to the left of 1.22.

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World , 3 e 23

Percentiles for Normal Distributions

z =1.22
A = .8888
Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World , 3 e 24
Percentiles for Normal Distributions

1. Find the 86th percentile of the normal

curve.

2. Find the 95th percentile of the normal

curve.

3. Find the 32nd percentile of the normal

curve.
Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World , 3 e 25
Source:
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tors/statistics-calculator/normal-dis
tribution-calculator.php

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bution-63476912