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5.3 and 5.4 Salts

1) A salt is a compound formed when an acid reacts with a base or metal. Common salts include sodium chloride, copper sulfate, and ammonium nitrate. 2) Salts have many important uses, such as coating seeds with copper sulfate to prevent fungal growth and using ammonium nitrate as a fertilizer. 3) Salts can be prepared in the lab by reacting a metal with an acid to produce hydrogen gas, or by reacting a metal oxide or carbonate with an acid to produce water. Safety precautions like wearing gloves and goggles are required when making salts.

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17 views19 pages

5.3 and 5.4 Salts

1) A salt is a compound formed when an acid reacts with a base or metal. Common salts include sodium chloride, copper sulfate, and ammonium nitrate. 2) Salts have many important uses, such as coating seeds with copper sulfate to prevent fungal growth and using ammonium nitrate as a fertilizer. 3) Salts can be prepared in the lab by reacting a metal with an acid to produce hydrogen gas, or by reacting a metal oxide or carbonate with an acid to produce water. Safety precautions like wearing gloves and goggles are required when making salts.

Uploaded by

Landau Student
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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5.3/5.

4
SALTS
Lesson Objectives
• explain what a salt is

• give some examples of salts and their uses

• prepare a salt by heating a metal oxide with an acid.

• prepare a salt by using an acid and a carbonate


Key words
• carbonate
• chloride
• citrates
• crystallisation
• formula (plural:formulae)
• nitrate
• salt
• sulfate
Naming compounds
Naming compounds
Many salts have important uses in everyday
life.
• These soya seeds are
coated with copper sulfate. • Ammonium nitrate is used as a
It stops fungi growing on fertiliser to help crops to grow
the seeds when they are well
planted.
An acid is a chemical substance, usually a liquid, which contains
hydrogen and can react with other substances to form salts.The
table below gives you the formulae of the three common acids you
find in the laboratory. The table also shows some examples of the
salts that can be formed from these acids.
Making salts using a metal and an acid
• acid + metal  salt + hydrogen

• zinc + hydrochloric acid zinc chloride + hydrogen

• Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
Making salts using a metal oxide
• metal oxide + acid —►salt + water

• copper oxide + sulfuric acid copper sulfate + water

• CuO + H2S04  CuS04 + H20


Metal carbonates and acids
• Carbonates - such as calcium carbonate - are salts. Carbonates can be
formed by the reaction of a metal with carbonic acid.

• acid + carbonate —> salt + water + carbon dioxide


Metal carbonates and acids
Examples:
Alkalis and bases
• When a metal oxide dissolves in water, it forms an alkaline solution.
Metal oxides are called bases. Soluble metal bases form alkalis when
they dissolve in water. Sodium oxide is a base. The sodium hydroxide
is an alkali. For example:
• Sodium oxide + Water —> Sodium hydroxide
• Some metal oxides are not soluble in water, for example Iron and
Copper oxide. So they do not form alkalis. But they can still react with
acids to form salts.
• Copper oxide + Sulfuric acid —> Copper sulfate + Water
• CuO + H2S04 —> CuS04 + H20
Making salts
• How you can make the salt zinc nitrate using zinc metal
Describe the three steps involved in producing crystals of the
salt copper chloride, include the safety precautions needed
Neutralisation of hydrochloric acid by
potassium hydroxide
Put on safety glasses. First add a drop of universal indicator solution to
the KOH in the beaker, which turns blue. Set up the burette and fill with
acid. Add acid, a little at a time, to the KOH, and swirl the beaker to mix
the contents.
When you see the universal indicator solution turn blue to green, it
means reaction has finished, acid is neutralized.

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