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Respiratory System

The respiratory and circulatory systems work together to exchange gases and transport nutrients throughout the body. The respiratory system brings oxygen into the lungs through the nose and trachea, where it passes into tiny air sacs called alveoli and enters the bloodstream. The circulatory system is composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps blood through arteries, capillaries, and veins, allowing the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients between the blood and cells. This process sustains life in the body.

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13 views

Respiratory System

The respiratory and circulatory systems work together to exchange gases and transport nutrients throughout the body. The respiratory system brings oxygen into the lungs through the nose and trachea, where it passes into tiny air sacs called alveoli and enters the bloodstream. The circulatory system is composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps blood through arteries, capillaries, and veins, allowing the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients between the blood and cells. This process sustains life in the body.

Uploaded by

Kisi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Respiratory System

Air is a mixture of different gases.

 Oxygen 21.0%
 Nitrogen 78.1%
 Carbon Dioxide 0.03%
 Other gases 0.87%
 Respiratory system is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air
and the cells.

 Nose – filter and warm the entering


air with the help of the cilia.

 Pharynx – also called throat. It


connects the nose with the windpipe.

 Trachea – commonly called the


windpipe.
 Lungs – two up-side-down,
cone-shaped organs inside the
 Bronchus – the trachea chest. The lungs are really two
branches into two tubes, the bags full of thousands and
bronchi, inside the lungs. Each thousands of alveoli. It is at
bronchus continues to branch the alveoli inside the lungs
and rebranch until it is very that gases are exchanged.
small. Each tube finally ends in
a tiny air sac called an
alveolus.
 Rib cages – lungs are protected
in the chest cavity by a set of
rib bones. The tissues between
 Diaphragm – large muscle that the rib bones are the rib
lies flat at the bottom of the muscles.
chest cavity. The diaphragm
aids in breathing by moving up
and down.
Circulatory System
 Life support system that feeds your cells with food and
oxygen.

 Two divisions
 Lymphatic – which helps to return tissue fluid t the blood.
 Blood division – a closed circuit.

 Three main parts of the circulatory system


The Heart, blood vessels, Blood.
The Circulatory System

 Parts  Function

Heart Pumps the blood


Blood Vessels Carry the blood
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries Carries the materials
Blood
 Heart – bundle of muscles about the size of your fist. The
heart is shaped like a cone. It is located in the center of
your chest between the lungs. It is tilted to one side and
points downward to the left.

You heart is a living pump. It is really two pumps in


one, a pump on the left side and pump on the right
side. Each side is divided across into two chambers.
The top chamber is called Atrium. The bottom
chamber is called Ventricle.

There is a valve between each atrium and ventricle to


prevent the blood from flowing backwards. The valves
are like one-way doors that keep the blood moving in only
one direction.
 Your blood moves through your
body in tubes called vessels.
3 kinds of vessels  Arteries – have thick, muscular walls.
Arteries They are elastic and expand every time
the ventricles contract. The force of the
Veins heart pumping keeps the blood moving
through the arteries.
Capillaries
arteries carry blood away from the
heart. The blood in the arteries is bright
red because it contains much oxygen.

 Capillaries – tiny vessels that connect  Veins – have muscular walls too, but
arteries to veins. The capillaries are they are thinner than the walls of the
so small that the red blood cells must arteries. There are one-way valves
pass through them in single file. Also, inside the veins to prevent the blood
the walls of the capillaries are only from flowing backwards. Blood is
one-cell thick. moved along when you move your
muscles. This squeezes the blood
inside the veins and pushes the blood
towards the heart.
How the heart works?

 The function of the circulatory system is to carry materials to and from all
parts of the body. The power for the circulatory system comes from the
muscular action of the heart. The heart does its work by contracting and
relaxing.

 All of the muscle tissues of the heart do not contract at the same time.
Different parts of the heart contract at different times. When the top
contracts, the bottom relaxes. When the bottom contract, the top relaxes.
When a chamber contracts, it becomes smaller and the blood inside gets
squeezed or pumped out.
The work of the circulatory system
takes place at the capillaries. It is
here that the exchange of materials
between the blood and the cells takes
place. At the capillaries, food and
oxygen pass from the blood to the
cells. Also, carbon dioxide and waste
products pass from the cells to the
blood.
The Blood – is a fluid that carries most of the materials
necessary for life.
The non-living, liquid part is called Plasma. It is a
yellowish fluid that makes up 55 percent of your blood.
The remaining 45 percent is made up of three kinds cells:
red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Plasma is the fluid part of the blood cells coat is a


yellowish substance composed of 92% water and 8% of
dissolved nutrients, mineral salts, antibodies and
hormones.

The proteins present in the plasma are:


1. Albumin – helps in keeping the blood pressure normal. It
regulates the amount of water in the plasma.
2. Globulin – contains antibodies.
3. Chemical substances – effective against specific diseases.
4. Fibrinogen – works with platelets in the clotting process.
 Red blood cells (RBC) – know as erythrocytes. Red blood
cells are the key to life. They constantly traveling through
your body, delivering oxygen and removing waste. If they
didn’t do their job, you would slowly die.

 White blood cells (WBC) – known as leukocytes.


larger and less numerous than RBC. Contains
nuclei and other types of organelles. WBC help
defend the body against infection.

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