PRESENT SIMPLE: routines, daily activities, and facts.

AFFIRMATIVE FORM + EXAMPLES:

HE / SHE / IT + VERB + S + COMPLEMENT HE DANCES HIP HOP.

I / YOU / WE / THEY / YOU + VERB IN INFINITIVE + COMPLEMENT THEY DANCE HIP HOP.

NEGATIVE FORM - EXAMPLES:

HE / SHE / IT + DOESN´T + VERB IN INFINITIVE + COMPLEMENT SHE DOESN´T DANCE HIP HOP.

I / YOU / WE / THEY / YOU + DON´T + VERB IN INFINITIVE + COMPLEMENT WE DON´T DANCE HIP HOP.

INTERROGATIVE FORM ?
EXAMPLES:
DOES + HE / SHE / IT + VERB IN INFINITIVE + COMPLEMENT ? DOES PETER DANCE HIP HOP ?

DO + I / YOU / WE / THEY / YOU + VERB IN INFINITIVE + COMPLEMENT ? DO YOU DANCE HIP HOP ?

SHORT ANSWERS EXAMPLES:

YES, + HE / SHE / IT + DOES YES, SHE DOES

NO, + HE / SHE / IT + DOESN´T NO, IT DOESN´T

YES, + I / YOU / WE / THEY / YOU + DO YES, I DO

NO, + I / YOU / WE / THEY / YOU + DON´T NO, THEY DON´T

WH - QUESTIONS
WH- QUESTION + DOES + HE / SHE / IT + VERB IN INFINITIVE + COMPLEMENT ?
(WHAT DOES ROBERT DO ?)
WH- QUESTION + DO + I / YOU / WE / THEY / YOU + VERB IN INFINITIVE + COMPLEMENT ?
(DO EMMA DO HER HOMEWORK AFTER SCHOOL?)
 RULES FOR THE 3rd PERSON SINGULAR: HE / SHE / IT
• Most times you just add –s plays – works - eats

• Ends in consonant + y : drop the y and add –ies study: studies

• Ends in o, sh, tch, x, or ss: add es watch: watches – go: goes

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

• For things that are happening now / at the moment

• At the moment can mean around now. Example: I´m reading Harry potter now.

• We also use present continuous with longer periods of time (today, this week, this
month, etc). The present continuous emphasizes that the action is temporary, not a
habit.
Example: I´m working at home this week because my daughter isn´t very well.
 PRESENT CONTINUOUS STRUCTURE
AFFIRMATIVE FORM +
EXAMPLES:
HE / SHE / IT + IS + VERB + ING + COMPLEMENT
HE IS DANCING HIP HOP.
YOU / WE / THEY / YOU + ARE + VERB + ING + COMPLEMENT
THEY ARE SWIMMING IN THE SEA
I + AM + VERB + ING + COMPLEMENT I AM RUNNING WITH MY FRIEND

NEGATIVE FORM - EXAMPLES:

HE / SHE / IT + ISN´T + VERB + ING + COMPLEMENT HE ISN´T DANCING HIP HOP.
(IS NOT)
YOU / WE / THEY / YOU + AREN´T + VERB + ING + COMPLEMENT THEY AREN´T SWIMMING IN THE SEA
(ARE NOT)
I + ´M NOT + VERB + ING + COMPLEMENT
(AM NOT) I ´M NOT RUNNING WITH MY FRIEND

INTERROGATIVE FORM ? EXAMPLES:

IS + HE / SHE / IT + VERB + ING + COMPLEMENT ? IS HE DANCING HIP HOP ?

ARE + YOU / WE / THEY / YOU + VERB + ING + COMPLEMENT ? ARE THEY SWIMMING IN THE SEA ?

AM + I + VERB + ING + COMPLEMENT ? AM I RUNNING WELL ?

SHORT ANSWERS EXAMPLES:

YES, + HE / SHE / IT + IS YES, HE IS

YES, + YOU / WE / THEY / YOU + ARE YES, YOU ARE

YES, + I + AM YES, I AM

NO, + HE / SHE / IT + ISN´T (IS NOT) NO, HE ISN´T

NO, + YOU / WE / THEY / YOU + AREN´T (ARE NOT) NO, YOU AREN´T

NO, + I + ´M NOT (AM NOT) NO, I ´M NOT

WH – QUESTIONS EXAMPLES:
WHAT IS HE DANCING ?
WHAT + IS + HE / SHE / IT + VERB + ING + COMPLEMENT ?

WHAT + ARE + YOU / WE / THEY / YOU + VERB + ING + COMPLEMENT ? WHAT ARE THEY WATCHING ?

WHAT + AM + I + VERB + ING + COMPLEMENT ? WHAT AM I DOING ?

SPELLING RULES FOR THE –ING FORM

• Most times you just add –ING playing – working - eating

• Ends in y : you add –ING Studying - enjoying

• Ends in e : eliminate the e and add –ING write: writing

• Ends in consonant + vowel + consonant

and the last syllable is stressed: double - swim: swimming
the last consonant and add –ING
- Non-stressed syllable:
Happen – happening

• Ends in ie: change the ie to y and add –ING die: dying

lie: lying
ADVERBIOS O PALABRAS DE AYUDA, PARA SABER CUANDO USAR PRESENT
CONTINUOUS (ACCIONES EN EL MOMENTO) Y CUANDO USAR PRESENT SIMPLE
(RUTINAS O COSAS QUE SON VERDAD)

- In sentences with PRESENT CONTINUOUS: NOW / AT THE MOMENT / TODAY / AT

PRESENT / LISTEN! / LOOK! / RIGHT NOW

- In sentences with PRESENT SIMPLE: ALWAYS, USUALLY, OFTEN, SOMETIMES

(adverbs of frequency) / EVERY DAY, TWICE A WEEK, THREE TIMES A WEEK
(adverbial phrases of frequency) / ON SUNDAYS
PRESENT PERFECT: unfinished actions that started in he past and continue in the present. In
other words, unfinished time expressions.
AFFIRMATIVE FORM + EXAMPLES:
HE/SHE/IT + HAS + VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENT
(´S) (3rd column) HE HAS VISITED LONDON.

I/YOU/YOU/WE/THEY + HAVE + VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENT

(´VE)

NEGATIVE FORM -
EXAMPLES:
HE/SHE/IT + HASN´T + VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENT
THEY HAVEN´T SEEN THE FILM YET.

I/YOU/YOU/WE/THEY + HAVEN´T + VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENT

INTERROGATIVE FORM ? EXAMPLES:

HAS + HE/SHE/IT + VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENT ? HAS HE VISITED LONDON?

HAVE + I/YOU/YOU/WE/THEY + VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENT ?

SHORT ANSWERS EXAMPLES:

YES, + HE/SHE/IT + HAS YES, SHE HAS

NO, + HE/SHE/IT + HASN´T NO, SHE HASN´T

YES, + I/YOU/YOU/WE/THEY + HAVE

YES, WE HAVE
NO, + I/YOU/YOU/WE/THEY + HAVEN´T
NO, WE HAVEN´T
• ADVERBS THAT YOU CAN USE WITH THE PRESENT PERFECT:

• YET: negative sentences and questions,

usually at the end of the sentence or
question.

• JUST: negative sentences before haven´t/hasn´t

• ALREADY: usually in positive sentences between

have/has and the past participle
• ALREADY: at the end of the sentence for emphasis

• JUST: usually in positive sentences between

have/has and the past participle

• EVER: usually in questions before

the past participle

(alguna vez)

• NEVER: usually in negative sentences

between have or has and the past participle
 WE´VE PLAYED BASKETBALL SINCE 2015 • SINCE: to say when a situation started.

MORE WORDS THAT WE CAN USE WITH PRESENT PERFECT

WE´VE PLAYED BASKETBALL FOR FIVE YEARS • FOR: to talk about a period of time

WE´VE HAD A LOT OF HOMEWORK RECENTLY

• BEFORE; RECENTLY; IN MY LIFE: general time expressions we
WE´VE BEEN TO ARGENTINA BEFORE can use
I´VE MADE A LOT OF GREAT FRIENDS IN MY LIFE

HOW LONG HAVE YOU YOU LIVED HERE? • HOW LONG: to ask questions about the length of time an action
ocurred.