INTRODUCTION TO

THE STUDY OF
GLOBALIZATION
Your shirt is made in Thailand. And your shoes were made in
China. The MP4 player you are holding comes from Japan. You
can travel to Moscow and have a Big Mac there and you can watch
an American film in a cozy and serene resort in the Maldives.
These are indeed exciting times!
What is Globalization?
• Globalization is a term used to describe how
trade and technology have made the world into a
more connected and interdependent place.
Globalization also captures in its scope the
economic and social changes that have come
about as a result. (National Geographic Society)

• Refers to the existence of free change of goods,

services, culture, and even people, between and
among countries. (Theodore Levitt)
 Other Definitions of
Globalization
"intensification of worldwide social relations which link that "refers both to the compression of the world and the
distant localities in such a way that local happenings are intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole..."
shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice (Robertson, 1992)
versa" (Giddens)

“a process of interaction and integration among the people,

companies, and governments of different nations, a process
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being in societies around the world” (Steger, 2005)
What can explain the existence of competing definitions of
globalization?
The diverse focal points and
research interests across
disciplines have resulted in
competing definitions of
globalization.
Globalization as a process, condition, and ideology

In the absence of a generally accepted

definition, Steger (2005) explains that
globalization has been commonly understood
either as a process, a condition, or an
ideology.
Globalization as a process
Globalization is viewed as a multidimensional set of social processes that generate and increase
"worldwide social interdependencies and exchanges while at the same time fostering in people a growing
awareness of deepening connections between the local and the distant" (Steger, 2005)
Globalization as a condition
Globalization is also referred to by scholars as globality. Scholte (2008) refers to globality as social
condition characterized by trans-planetary connectivity and supra territoriality.
Globalization as an ideology
Steger (2005), following the line of reasoning of globalization scholar Michael Freeden, explains that
globalization exists in people's consciousness because it consists of a set of coherent and complementary
ideas and beliefs about the global order. In other words, globalization is a political belief system that
benefits a certain class.
What is the impact of
globalization in academe?
Activity 1: Personal Concept
Map

Make your own concept map by using the

words associated with Globalization.
 SIX (6) CORE CLAIMS ABOUT GLOBALIZATION
AS AN IDEOLOGY

Globalization is Globalization is Nobody is in Globalization Globalization

about the inevitable and charge of benefits everyone in furthers the spread
liberalization irreversible. globalization. the long run. of democracy in the
and global world.
integration of
markets.

Globalization
requires a global
war on terror.
MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT GLOBALIZATION

GLOBALIZATION AS GLOBALIZATION AS
INTERNATIONALIZATION LIBERALIZATION
THANK
FOR YOUR ATTENTION AND COOPERATION

YOU