INTRODUCTION

TO MATERIALS
SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING
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OBJECTIVES OF LEARNING
Understand the meaning of materials Can explain the types of materials
and engineering used in the field of engineering as
well as their properties and
applications
 Topi
3

c
What is material?
What is Materials Engineering?
What is Materials Science?
1. Structure 4. Classification
2. Properties 5. Smart Materials
3. Processing 6. Nanotechnology
1.What is material?
Material is
substance that humans have assembled or produced
as products, appliances, inventions, various
constructions
2.What is materials engineering?
Material engineering is
material is used in field work of engineering
or is a material that has been used through design and
engineering calculations concerning the structure or
production process of that material in order to obtain the
desired properties or according to what is defined in the
engineering process
3.What is materials science?
Material science is
basic knowledge about the relationships between
internal structure and properties including processing
or materials
 The effectiveness and behavior of each 7

material will depend on three factors:

Structure properties processing
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1. Structure
The structure can be divided into 4 levels:
Structure of Atomic Structure of Crystal
including of Nucleus Array characterization of atoms
(Proton + Neutrons) or molecules.
Surrounded by electronic
orbitals
Microscopic Macroscopic
Is a type of Inside the Can be seen with the eyes
material which can be
viewed through a
microscope
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2. Properties
The material's properties respond to the environment. The 7
main engineering properties are:
• Chemical properties, such as the structural features and
composition of the compounds that make up the material
• Physical properties such as material adhesion, density, melting
• Mechanical properties such as shrinkage, stiffness, hardness
• Thermal properties such as heat conduction efficiency
• Electrical properties such as electrical conductors
• Magnetic properties such as the magnetic field of the material.
• The optical properties such as the scattering of the light, the
transparency of the material
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3. Processing
The production process is the process of processing material
by either heat or mechanical force.

The result can be microstructural changes that can directly

affect the material properties of a material.
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3. Classification of Materials
1.Metals
2.Polymer
3.Ceramic
4.Composites
5.Semiconductor
6.Biomaterials
 Meta 12

ls
Consists of metal objects Or maybe a little non-metal mixed
with valence electrons surrounded like 'an electron sea' that
holds the positive charges together.
Properties:
good heating and electric power, impermeable light Strong and
tough
Example:
Ferrous Metals and Alloys Including iron and cast iron •
Nonferrous Metals and Alloys Such as aluminum, zinc, copper,
brass etc.
 Poly 13

mer
Consisting of plastic and gesture most of them are organic.
(Organic) Contains carbon, contains molecules in a chain.
Properties:
good electrical insulation Some types are heat insulation. High
flexibility, light weight, low strength
Examples:
Plastic, Rubber, PVC, Epoxy
 Cera 14

mic
Consists of metals and non-metals (non-metals)
Most of the ceramics are in the form of oxides, carbides,
nitrides and nitrides.
Properties:
insulating heat and electricity high temperature resistant more
durable in a toxic environment than metals and polymers Is
strong but fragile
Examples:
Glass, Brick, Alumina, SiN, SiC, Zirconia, Clay
 Compo 15

sites

Is a composite material from 2 main groups or more Which the

composite material must not dissolve each other
Properties:
It is a combination of good properties of materials that are
together
Example:
Fiberglass (obtaining the hardness of glass fibers mixed with
the flexibility of polymers), steel fiber reinforced concrete
(With both strength and longevity) Silicon Fiberglass
Reinforcement
 Semicond 16

uctor

The semi-conductor material has electrical properties in the

middle between the body. Electrical and electrical insulation,
such as pure silicon, which are created in different ways
Properties:
when the temperature rises, the conductivity of the
semiconductor Will be better (as opposed to metal)
Example:
Silicon chip and micro-electronic devices (microelectronic
devices), which is the Important in the production of satellites,
computer,
 Biomate 17

rials

It is a material that has a medical role. Biomaterials include All

types of materials that can be used in biological Can be
implanted into the human body to change or replace the
damaged organ It does not cause toxic substances and can be
compatible with the tissues in the human body such as
prosthetics, artificial bones, prosthesis. Hip joint, implants, etc
Venn Diagram of three basic material 18

types plus composites

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Properties Comparison
Hardness : Polymer < Metals <
Polymer < Metals < Ceramic
Ceramic Heat conduction :
Ceramic < Polymer <
Toughness : Metals
Ceramic < Metals <
Polymer Electrical conductivity :
Ceramic < Polymer <
Melting point : Metals
Smart Materials
Materials can be aware of changes in the environment (where
they operate). And responding to those changes in the form of
Set beforehand For example, Nitinol Shape Memory Alloy is
made from Titanium and Nigel alloys that are used in Muscle
Wires and applied in robotics or "Smart Shirts" (clothing that
interacts with the wearers. body temperature).

There are also sensors and actuators that can be used to detect
changes in the environment, temperature, color change, light
intensity or response when receiving electricity.
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Nanotechnology
Nano Materials Is a small material Diameter not over
100 nm

Has a high ratio of surface area to volume, resulting in

physical properties Different from large materials
Entirely

With different shapes and dimensions from the big

cube (0,1,2,3 dimensions)
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Car industry

✓ Steel
✓ aluminum
✓ cast iron
✓ rubber
✓ plastic
✓ titanium
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Computer electronics industry

✓ plastic
✓ glass
✓ copper
✓ crystal
✓ Silicon
✓ Magnesium
✓ Semiconductor
✓ LCD, LED, OLED
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Water industry

✓ Fabric
✓ aluminum
✓ steel
✓ rope
✓ The wood
✓ plastic
✓ Fiberglass
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Aircraft industry

✓ Titanium
✓ Ceramics
✓ Aluminum alloy
✓ Nickel alloy
✓ Fiber glass
✓ Silicon
✓ Molybdenum alloys
✓ Composites