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Pyro. 3

The document discusses different methods of extractive metallurgy including pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and electrometallurgy. Pyrometallurgy involves applying heat to extract metals and includes processes like roasting, calcination, and smelting. Hydrometallurgy uses methods like leaching and flotation. Electrometallurgy uses electrolysis.

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34 views

Pyro. 3

The document discusses different methods of extractive metallurgy including pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and electrometallurgy. Pyrometallurgy involves applying heat to extract metals and includes processes like roasting, calcination, and smelting. Hydrometallurgy uses methods like leaching and flotation. Electrometallurgy uses electrolysis.

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jimmycart159
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Extractive Metallurgy

Dr. Wafaa K. mahmood


INTRODUCTION: -

It deals with extraction of metals from ore refining &


alloying. There are mainly three routes
by which metals are extracted from ore.

1. Pyrometallurgy: - It involves application of heat to


reduce metal from ore. Most commonly used methods
of pyrometallurgy are Roasting, Calcinations,

2. Hydrometallurgy: - It involves application of


methods such as selective leaching, froth floatation to
extract metal.

3. Electrometallurgy: - It involves application of


electrolysis process to obtain metal from ore.
Pyrometallurgy
 Pyrometallurgy
Pyrometallurg deals with the extraction of
mineralsyfrom ore by treating them with heat.

Raosting Calcunation Smelting


 Pyrometallurgy deals with chemical reactions at high temperatures. These
are reactions that take place at temperatures from 100°C up to 3000°C or
more.
 Pyrometallurgy or fire metallurgy is the most important of the extraction
processes and it is the oldest division of metallurgy. Practically all iron and
steel, lead, and tin, most copper, and a small proportion of zinc, etc. are
won from their ores and concentrates by pyrometallurgical methods.
 Pyrometallurgical reactions involve a number of different solids, liquids
and gases and, take place in a variety of furnaces, converters, roasters and
other devices. The most important pyrometallurgical extraction processes
are as follows:
1. Roasting – agglomeration – calcination and drying (these are
pretreatment processes that are pyrometallurgical in nature.)

2. Smelting - Matte smelting (Cu and Ni, etc.)


- Smelting for metal (Fe, Pb, etc.)

3. Converting (Cu, Ni, etc.)


4. Reduction of oxides, etc. (Direct reduction of iron ore, zinc ore, etc.)
5. Refining (Cu, Pb, etc.)
1. Smelting
Smelting is mainly a process of melting and
separation of the charge into two immiscible
liquid layers, i.e. a liquid slag and a liquid
matte or a liquid metal. There are two types
of smelting:
1. Smelting for matte
2. Smelting for metal.
Matte can be defined as molten mixture of sulphides of
heavy metals.
Liquid slag is the siliceous or oxidized part of the
concentrate.
Matte smelting is done in one of the following furnaces:
(Diagrams given below)
 Reverberatory furnace (for fine concentrates)
 Flash furnace (for fine concentrates)
 Blast furnace (for lumpy ore or agglomerated concentrates)
 Electric furnace (for fine concentrates)
Matte smelting is therefore a pyrometallurgical
concentrating stage in the overall extraction of a metal from
its sulphides.
2. Converting
Reduction of Metal Oxides
Refining
Distillation

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