PSG COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

21AE71- PROJECT WORK-II

Project Guide: Prof. Dr.S.Neelakrishnan Industry Guide: N. Manikandan

Investigation of Digital Twin for Battery Management System

REX MATTHEW P (22MS01)

ME-Automotive Engineering
 AGENDA

• Introduction
• Literature Survey
• Summary and Research Gap
• Objective
• Methodology
• MATLAB Charging-discharging Model
• ESP32 IoT Architecture
• Reference
 INTRODUCTION

Digital Twin is a digital representation of an actual real-world

physical product, system, or process that serves as counterpart of it
for practical purposes, such as simulation, integration, testing,
monitoring, etc.

Figure 1: Digital Twin model.

Mi Zhou, et al.

Electric vehicle Battery Management Systems (BMS) monitor

and balance cells, optimizing performance, preventing
overcharging, over-discharging, and enhancing battery safety
and lifespan.
Figure 2: Essential items of battery electric vehicle.
Famous O. Igbinovia, et al.
A BMS Digital-Twin is a virtual replica of a Battery Management
System, providing a real-time, simulated model for analysis, testing,
and optimization, contributing to efficient battery monitoring and
control in electric vehicles.

Figure 3: Digital twin model for battery management system.

Wenwen Wang, et al.
BENEFITS

• Real-time Monitoring
APPLICATIONS
• Predictive Analytics

• Optimization

• Virtual Testing and Validation

• Remote Monitoring and Control

Figure 4: Enabling technologies and tools for digital twin.
Qinglin Qi, et al.
 LITERATURE SURVEY
TITLE JOURNAL DETAILS AUTHOR OBSERVATION

1 Digital Twin: Origin to MPDI Applied System Maulshree Singh, et DT technology, when combined with the
Future Innovation. al. other technologies such as AR/VR, mixed
May 2021. reality, additive manufacturing, 3D
Review paper. printing as well as with other DTs, will
open doors for new applications and
potential

2 Digital twin for electric Expert Systems with Naga Durga In this work, a Digital Twin framework for
vehicle battery management Applications. Krishna Mohan electric vehicle batteries to estimate the
with incremental learning May 2023. Eaty, et al. battery capacity and predict battery health
Research paper. is developed.
 TITLE JOURNAL DETAILS AUTHOR OBSERVATION

3 Application of Digital Chinese Journal of Wenwen Wang, et al. This paper arranges the development history, basic
Twin in Smart Battery Mechanical concepts and key technologies of the digital twin,
Management Engineering. and summarizes current research methods and
Systems. May 2021. challenges in battery modeling, state estimation,
Review paper. remaining useful life prediction, battery safety and
control.

4 Digital twin for Journal of Energy Weihan Li, et al. A cloud battery management system was
battery systems: Storage. developed based on the concept of the Internet of
Cloud battery June 2020. Things and cloud computing in this work to build
management system Research paper. up the digital twin for battery systems in the cloud
with online state-of- and improve the computation power, data storage
charge and state-of- capability, and reliability of the BMS.
health estimation
S. TITLE JOURNAL DETAILS AUTHOR OBSERVATION
No

5 Improved Digital MPDI Energies. Juraj Bilansky, et al. Battery cell models are a crucial part of any BMS.
Twin of Li-Ion Jan 2023. Successful implementation of a battery cell model
Battery Based on Research paper. into MATLAB/Simulink can help with the
Generic MATLAB development of control methods for cell lifetime
Model optimization.

6 Implementation of MDPI Batteries. Soumya Singh, et al. This paper presents a cloud battery management
Battery Digital Twin: Nov 2021. system for battery systems to improve the
Approach, Review paper. computational power and data storage capability
Functionalities and by cloud computing.
Benefits
 SUMMARY AND RESEARCH GAP

 Accuracy prediction of Battery Digital-Twin

It is necessary to compare and quantify the accuracy of existing BMS predictions versus the
prediction of BMS-DT, so percentage error in DT estimations should be the primary focus in
my work.
 OBJECTIVE

 To develop the Digital Twin model of a Battery Management System using MATLAB
and ESP32 Microcontroller.
 To make this model to be interfaced with IoT .
 To validate the results obtained from the Battery Management System Digital-Twin.
METHODOLOGY
Combined Charging and
Discharging models from the
previous models

Making automatically Charging and

Using ESP32 Microcontroller trying to
Discharging cycle for stipulated time
create physical model
interval

MATLAB Charging-Discharging ESP32 Controlled Charging-

Model Discharging Model

Interfacing both to make it as

BMS DIGITAL-TWIN

Results obtained in MATLAB Results obtained in Arduino IDE

Accuracy and Error Estimations

 MATLAB CHARGING-DISCHARGING MODEL

Load and Timing Battery Module Output Viewer

Adjusting area (2Series 2 Parallel)

Charging Controller Discharging Controller

 ESP32 IoT ARCHITECTURE

ESP32 WROOM 32D

Charging Power Supply

TP4056

LOAD RESITOR
Resistor 100k

2.2 Ohm
2 Series 2 Parallel
Battery Module
Resistor 100k

From Computer
5V Relay
 Upcoming and Following Work

To assemble and to make connections of physical ESP32 Battery setup and to connect it with the IoT and to make
trial and error practices for the desired battery module configuration.
 REFERENCE

• Zhou, Mi, et al. "A digital twin model for battery management systems: concepts, algorithms, and platforms." The
International Conference on Image, Vision and Intelligent Systems (ICIVIS 2021). Singapore: Springer Nature
Singapore, 2022.
• Qi, Qinglin, et al. "Enabling technologies and tools for digital twin." Journal of Manufacturing Systems 58 (2021): 3-21.
• Wang, Wenwen, et al. "Application of digital twin in smart battery management systems." Chinese Journal of Mechanical
Engineering 34.1 (2021): 1-19.
• Singh, Soumya, Max Weeber, and Kai Peter Birke. "Implementation of battery digital twin: approach, functionalities and
benefits." Batteries 7.4 (2021): 78.
• Igbinovia, Famous O., et al. "A Review of Electric Vehicles Emissions and its Smart Charging Techniques Influence on
Power Distribution Grid." Journal of Engineering Science & Technology Review 9.3 (2016).
• Bilansky, Juraj, et al. "Improved Digital Twin of Li-Ion Battery Based on Generic MATLAB Model." Energies 16.3 (2023):
1194.
• Bhatti, Ghanishtha, Harshit Mohan, and R. Raja Singh. "Towards the future of smart electric vehicles: Digital twin
technology." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 141 (2021): 110801.
• Singh, Maulshree, et al. "Digital twin: Origin to future." Applied System Innovation 4.2 (2021): 36.
• Medina, Robin Matthew, et al. "Data Visualization for Digital Twin-based BMS using Unreal Engine.“
• Eaty, Naga Durga Krishna Mohan, and Priyanka Bagade. "Digital twin for electric vehicle battery management with
incremental learning." Expert Systems with Applications 229 (2023): 120444.