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Day 5

The document discusses transistor theory and operation modes. It explains that transistors can operate in three modes: cut-off, saturation, and active mode. The cut-off and saturation modes turn the transistor fully off and on respectively, while the active mode allows it to amplify current.

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Jane Paz
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22 views

Day 5

The document discusses transistor theory and operation modes. It explains that transistors can operate in three modes: cut-off, saturation, and active mode. The cut-off and saturation modes turn the transistor fully off and on respectively, while the active mode allows it to amplify current.

Uploaded by

Jane Paz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transistor Theory [cont’d]

 Typical applications for transistors in aircraft electrical and


electronic systems are:

 controlling generator field current, driving lights and warning


displays.
Transistor Theory [cont’d]
Labelling Voltage
• Voltage with capital letter subscription are DC voltages,
(VBE ,VCC).

• When a voltage has a single subscript it is measured from the


terminal to ground (VE ,VC).

• When a voltage has a double subscript with different letters it is


the voltage measured between two terminals (VBE ,VCE).

• When a voltage has a double subscript with the same letters it


is a supply voltage (VEE ,VCC).
Transistor Theory [cont’d]
 BJT operation modes

The transistor can be operated in three modes:


Cut-off mode
Saturation mode
Active mode

 We must supply dc voltage to the NPN or PNP transistor in


order to operate it in one of the BJT operation modes.

 The transistor will work in each of these regions depending on


the polarity of the applied dc voltage.
Transistor Operations [cont’d]
 Applying dc voltage to the transistor is nothing but the biasing
of transistor.

 Cut-off Region
 Both the transistor's junctions (emitter to base and collector to
base) are reverse biased in the cut-off mode.

 In other words, if we consider two p-n junctions to be two p-n


junction diodes in cut-off mode, both diodes are reverse biased.

 We know that no current


passes through the PN
junction diode while it is
reverse biased.
Cut-off Circuit Configuration
Transistor Operations [cont’d]
 As a result, the transistor has no current flowing through it.

 Therefore, the transistor is turned off and functions as an open


circuits.

 In switching action for turn OFF applications, the transistor's


cut-off mode is employed.

Saturation Region
 Both the transistor's junctions (emitter to base and collector to
base) are forward biased in saturation mode.

 To put it another way, if two p-n junctions are assumed to be


two p-n junction diodes, both diodes are forward biased in
saturation mode.
Transistor Operations [cont’d]
 We notice that when the device is in forward bias, current flows
through it.

 Free electrons (charge carriers) flow from the emitter to the


base, as well as from the collector to the base, in saturation
mode.

 As a result, a large current can flow to the transistor's base.

 As a result, the transistor


in saturation mode is ON
and acts like a closed
Circuits.

Saturation Circuit Configuration


Transistor Operations [cont’d]
 In switching operations for turning ON applications, the
transistor's saturation mode is used.

Active Region
 One junction (emitter to base) is forward biased in the active
mode, while another junction (collector to base) is reverse
biased.

 To put it another way, if


two p-n junctions are
treated as two p-n junction
diodes, one will be forward
biased and the other will Active Circuit Configuration
be reverse biased.
Transistor Operations [cont’d]
 We may conclude from the preceding discussion that we can
use the transistor as an ON/OFF switch by working it in the
saturation and cut-off regions and also works as an amplifier of
current in active region.

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