CONJUNCTION

CONJUNCTION
• The word “conjunction” coined from the Latin word
conjugere (join together).
• Are words which connect sentences, clauses or
group of words.
•Some learners know them as connectors or joining
words.
 TYPES OF CONJUNCTIONS

COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
 COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
• One type of conjunction is the coordinating
conjunction, which gives equal importance to the
words or sentences that it connects.
• There are seven conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or, yet,
so. (FANBOYS)
 FUNCTIONS OF COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
for- for explaining why( more formal and less common than because)
He’s overweight, for he eats too many cakes and biscuits.
and- the same, similar or equal; without contrast
His favourite snacks are cakes and biscuits.
Nor- for two non-contrasting grammatically negative items (not + not)
He doesn’t eat cake, nor does he eat biscuits.
But- for contrast
I like coffee, but my wife prefers tea.
Or- before an alternative
Would you prefer coffee or tea?
Yet- use to introduce a statement that adds something to a previous statement. [synonyms= nevertheless, but still]
He ‘s overweight and feels terrible, yet he continues to eat lots of cakes and biscuits.
So- showing the consequence of something.
He was very hungry, so he ate all the cake.
Examples:
The roads were covered with snow and sleet. (Connects
nouns)
The train was fast and comfortable. (connects
adjectives)
The traffic moved slowly but steadily. (connects
adverbs)
The rocket shot off the pad and into the air. (connects
prepositional phrases)
We could take a walk or go for a swim. (connects
predicates)
The weather report said “rain,” but the sun is shining
 CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTION

• A few conjunctions are used in pairs: not only... But (also); either... Or;
neither... Nor; whether... Or. These conjunctions connect two balanced
clauses, phrases or words.
Examples:
Some cats are not only independent but aloof.
Both Tim and his brother made the team.
Neither the mayor nor his aide would comment on the report.
We must decide whether to stand firm or compromise.
 SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
• Are conjunctions that connect a main (independent) clause
and a (dependent) clause.
• The clause beginning with the subordinating conjunction is
always the subordinate clause, which depends on the main
clause and cannot exist without it.
Example:
She’s crying because you were unkind.
The chief relation they show are time, place, cause, result, exception,
and alternative. The most common subordinating conjunction are
these;
after as though provided till whenever

although because since unless where

as before so that until wherever

as if if than whatever while

as long as in order that though when

Examples:
Sheila didn’t go to work yesterday because he was sick. [reason]
We were not home when the package arrived. [time]
Think of us whenever you played tennis. [time]
The out fielders wear glasses so that the sun won’t blind them.
[Reason]
John didn’t go to work, as he was feeling unwell. [cause, reason; more
than formal than because]
He’ll lose his job, if he doesn’t change his attitude. [condition]
mark is very tall, although he’s not as tall as his father yet.
 CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

• Is a word that connects two sentences

together, making new sentence. It is like the
word “and” but adds a little more meaning
to the sentence.
• Also preceded by a semicolon and followed
by a semicolon and followed by a comma.
The most common conjunctive adverbs are:
Accordingly hence Nevertheless therefore

Consequently However Otherwise Yet

furthermore Moreover also

Examples:
The movie was really bad; therefore, many people left
early.
James did not study; hence, he nailed it.
• You can go when the chores are done; otherwise, you will miss the
party.
• The rain was pouring down; still, no one left the beach.
• I really like that puppy; however, my landlord does not allow pets.
• Jose did not read the instructions; so, he did not assemble it properly.
• She got 20 presents for her birthday; nevertheless, she was not happy.
• We took blankets for the picnic; also, sally brought food.