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Chapter 1 Hoist (Edited3)

1. The document provides information about simple hoists, including their components, motions, and concepts like balancing forces. 2. Key concepts covered include calculating the velocity, acceleration, torque, and power required for different hoist motions. The document also discusses balancing forces and moments of inertia. 3. Examples are provided for calculating values like torque, acceleration, and power for various hoist scenarios, such as a load ascending or descending with uniform or variable velocity.

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Mohd Shahrom Ismail
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© © All Rights Reserved
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233 views

Chapter 1 Hoist (Edited3)

1. The document provides information about simple hoists, including their components, motions, and concepts like balancing forces. 2. Key concepts covered include calculating the velocity, acceleration, torque, and power required for different hoist motions. The document also discusses balancing forces and moments of inertia. 3. Examples are provided for calculating values like torque, acceleration, and power for various hoist scenarios, such as a load ascending or descending with uniform or variable velocity.

Uploaded by

Mohd Shahrom Ismail
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DJJ5113 MECHANICS OF

MACHINES
CHAP 1 : HOIST
SIMPLE HOIST

CALCULATE SKETCH FREE BODY


VELOCITY & DIAGRAM
ACCELERATION
STUDENT
WILL
LEARN

CALCULATE ROPE
CALCULATE POWER TENSION

CALCULATE
TORQUE

OBJECTIVES

By the end of this chapter, student should be able to:

1. Understand the concept of lifting machines.


2. Apply the lifting machine with balancing mass.
INTRODUCTION
A hoist is a device used for lifting or
lowering a load by means of a drum
or lift-wheel around which rope or
chain wraps.

 It
may be manually operated,
electrically or pneumatically driven
and may use chain, fiber or wire
rope as its lifting medium.

 The
load is attached to the hoist by
means of a lifting hook.
 It
is a mechanical
application for
raising (upward)
or downwards
load.

 Examples of
hoisting usage –
Lift, raising load
for construction
purpose etc.
 Twoparts of hoist is : Lifting
medium and types of power.

 Thelifting medium is either wire


rope (wrapped around a drum) or
load-chain (raised by a pulley with a
special profile to engage the chain).

 The power type can be either


electric motor or air motor.
Electric powered hoist
Example of hoist arrangements:
MOTION IN HOIST
 Two types of motion:
a) Linear
b) Angular

 The direction of Linear motion are upward


or downward

 The direction of Angular motion is


whether clockwise or counterclockwise

 During the motion, linear and angular will


associate together.
 If the system are in balance
(Equillibrium), total force are
BALANCE FORCE CONCEPT

acting to the system/ body is


equal to zero.

 Figure 1
P – mg = 0
P = mg
 Figure 2
T–Iα=0
T=Iα
 If
a force are acting on body, there
have a force with the same
magnitude but in opposite direction
acting on a body to resist the action
force. (Third law of newton’s)

 F=ma dan T= Iα. ma and Iα is


called as inertia couple. (Case for
Body/Load in acceleration)
Moment of inertia
 Mass moment of inertia (I) of a part is
a measure of the resistance of that
part to rational motion (acceleration).

 It
is more difficult to “speed up” a
spinning object with a large mass
moment of inertia.

 Mass of moment inertia sometime


call/simply call as moment of inertia.
Formula of I
 Moment of inertia of a pulley or drum can be
calculate by using formula:

a) I = m k2 m – mass of pulley/drum (kg)


k - radius of gyration (m)

b) I = m r2 m – mass of pulley / drum (kg)


2 r - radius of pulley / drum (m)
Example 1
 A 30 kg flywheel, revolving at 5.24 rad/s has
a radius of gyration of 1 meter. Calculate
moment of inertia of flywheel.

Solution :
Moment of inertia of the flywheel,
Case of hoist/lifting machine
 Load can be raising or lowering by these situation:

a) Ascending/descending load with acceleration.


b) Ascending/descending load with uniform
velocity.
c) Descending load with acceleration without
driven torque. (freely falls)
e) Ascending/descending load and stop with
brake and frictional torque.
Steps in solving hoist problems
 Draw free body diagram (FBD).
 Determine the motion of load (upward or downward)
 Show all forces and torque acting on a FBD :-
a – Linear acceleration
α – Angular acceleration
T – Torque
Iα - Inertia couple of α
ma – Inertia couple of a
Tf – Torque of friction (friction)
P – Tension of a rope/cable
Pr – Torque at pulley from rope tension
 Create formula from linear motion
(body/mass )
 Create formula from angular motion.

(pulley/drum).
 Find all values for the formula (both).
 Make a calculation.
Ascending/descending
load with acceleration.
 Ascending load with
acceleration or raising
load with acceleration. Pr

 Linear motion
P = mg + ma

 Angular motion
T = I + Tf + Pr

FBD
Example 2
 42 kg of load raising by a rope on a drum.
The drum has a radius 760 mm, radius of
gyration is 360 mm and a mass of 50 kg. If
the load moves with 2 m/s2 upward, Find
torque of drum to driven the load.
Solution

ma
 Descending load with
acceleration or downward
load with acceleration .

 Linear motion Pr

P + ma – mg = 0
P = mg - ma

 Angular motion
T + Pr = I + Tf
T = I + Tf - Pr

FBD
Example 3
A hoist drum has a moment of inertia of 85
8500
kgm2 and is used to descend a lift of mass 1
tone with an downward acceleration of 1.5
m/s2. The drum diameter is 1 m.
Determine:
a) the torque required at the drum
b) the power required after accelerating for 3
seconds from rest. 8500

menurunkan

menurunkan
Solution

Linear motion
P = mg - ma
= 1000(9.81) - 1000(1.5)
= 8310 N

Angular motion Power


T = I + Tf - Pr
= 8500(3) + 0 - 8310(0.5) 21345 X 9
= 21345 Nm
192.11 kW
Example 4
 5 tonne of mass has to be raising by using
lifting machine with acceleration 1.2 m/s2.
The drum of the machine has a mass 1.5
tonne , the diameter is 1.8 metre and radius
of gyration is 630 milimeter. Calculate torque
is require raising the mass. How much power
was produced after the mass moved for 5
seconds from rest. Given, friction at drum is
1.9kNm.
Solution

Linear motion
P = mg + ma
= 1.2
= (5000x9.81)+(5000x1.2)
= 3.6
= 55050 N
Angular motion 3.6
4 rad/s
T = I + Pr + Tf 0.9

= (595.35x1.333) + Power
(55050x0.9)+1900
= 52.239k X4 4
= 52239 Nm
= 52.239 kNm = 208.96 kW
Ascending/descending
load with uniform velocity.
 Ascending load with
uniform velocity or
raising load with Pr
uniform velocity.

 Linear motion
P = mg

 Angular motion
T = Pr + Tf

FBD
Descending load with
acceleration without
driven torque. (freely falls)
 Descending load with
acceleration without driven
torque or freely fall.

 Angular motion Pr

T + Pr- Tf - I = 0
Pr - I = Tf
Pr = Tf + I

 Linear motion
P + ma = mg
P = mg - ma

FBD
Example 5
 A 800 kg of mass is tied up to the drum of
lifting machine. The drum has a mass 400 kg,
diameter is 800 mm and the radius of
gyration is 700 mm. The mass is freely falls. If
the friction at the drum is 1.8kNm, determine:
a) Free body diagram
b) Acceleration of the mass
Solution
Example 6
 A hoist drum has a mass of 360 kg and a
radius of gyration of 600 mm. The drum
diameter is 750 mm. A mass of 1 tonne
hangs from a light cable wrapped round the
drum and is allowed to fall freely. If friction
couple at the bearings is 2.7 k Nm. Calculate
the runaway speed of the load after falling for
2 seconds from rest.
Solution
Lifting machine with
balancing mass.
EXAMPLE 7
EXAMPLE 8
(Example 8)
EXAMPLE 9

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