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Two Phase Commit

1. The Two-Phase Commit protocol is used to ensure transactional consistency across multiple database nodes in a distributed database system. 2. In Phase 1 (Prepare Phase), the coordinator sends a prepare message to participants. If a participant can commit, it replies yes, if not it replies no. 3. In Phase 2 (Commit or Abort Phase), if all replies were yes, the coordinator sends a commit. If any were no, it sends an abort to roll back the transaction.

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111 views

Two Phase Commit

1. The Two-Phase Commit protocol is used to ensure transactional consistency across multiple database nodes in a distributed database system. 2. In Phase 1 (Prepare Phase), the coordinator sends a prepare message to participants. If a participant can commit, it replies yes, if not it replies no. 3. In Phase 2 (Commit or Abort Phase), if all replies were yes, the coordinator sends a commit. If any were no, it sends an abort to roll back the transaction.

Uploaded by

shailajawesley023
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Faculty of Engineering & Technology(Co-Edu)

Department of
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE & DATA SCIENCE
M.Tech. 3rd Semester
ADBMS
Faculty: Dr. Savita Patil

TOPIC : 2 PHASE COMMIT AND


DEADLOCK RECOVERY
By
AJAY KATTIMANI
USN : SG22ADS001
WHAT IS TWO PHASE COMMIT

 In a distributed database system, the Two-Phase Commit (2PC) protocol is a


fundamental mechanism used to ensure transactional consistency across multiple
database nodes. Here's an explanation of how the 2PC works within the context
of a distributed database in a DBMS:

1. Transaction Initiation:

2. Phase 1: Prepare Phase:

3. Phase 2: Commit or Abort Phase:


Case 1: Commit
Case 2: Abort

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1. Transaction Initiation:

 When a transaction begins on a distributed database, one of the nodes


(typically designated as the coordinator) is responsible for managing the
transaction.

 The coordinator initiates the transaction and communicates with all


participating nodes (also known as participants) involved in the transaction.

2. Phase 1: Prepare Phase:

 In the first phase of the two-phase commit protocol, the coordinator sends a "prepare
to commit" message to all participating nodes.

 If a participant can accommodate the transaction, it replies to the coordinator with an


acknowledgment (YES). If any participant encounters a problem, it replies with a
refusal (NO).

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3. Phase 2: Commit or Abort Phase:

Based on the responses received during the prepare phase, the coordinator
makes a decision to either commit or abort the transaction.

If all participants responded with an acknowledgment (YES), indicating


that they are ready to commit, the coordinator sends a "commit" message
to all participants.

If any participant responded with a refusal (NO), indicating that they
cannot proceed with the transaction, the coordinator sends an "abort"
message to all participants.

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CASE 1: COMMIT
Coordinator Participants

Request-to-Prepare

Prepared

Commit

Done

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Case 2: Abort

Coordinator Participants

Request-to-Prepare

No

Abort

Done

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WHAT IS DEADLOCK
 A deadlock is a situation in a computer system where two or more processes
are unable to proceed because each is waiting for the other to release a
resource, such as a lock or a piece of memory, before it can continue.

 Deadlocks are common in concurrent or distributed systems where multiple


processes compete for shared resources.

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DEADLOCK RECOVERY THROUGH 2 PHASE COMMIT
 Detect Deadlock: First, the system needs to detect the presence of a deadlock. This
can be done through various deadlock detection algorithms that monitor resource
allocation and process states to identify circular wait conditions. (ex: Banker’s
Algorithm)

 Identify Transactions: Once a deadlock is detected, the system identifies the


transactions involved in the deadlock. These transactions are typically those that are
holding resources needed by other transactions in the deadlock cycle.

 Initiate 2PC: The system then initiates the Two-Phase Commit protocol to
coordinate the aborting of transactions involved in the deadlock. This involves the
following steps:

Phase 1 - Prepare: The coordinator (e.g., a deadlock detection and


recovery manager) sends a message to all transactions involved in
the deadlock, requesting them to prepare for abort. Transactions
respond with an acknowledgment indicating their readiness to abort.

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Phase 2 - Commit or Abort: If all transactions agree to abort
(i.e., they respond affirmatively during the prepare phase), the
coordinator sends a commit message instructing all involved
transactions to abort. Otherwise, if any transaction refuses to
abort, the coordinator aborts the entire operation and may resort
to other recovery mechanisms.

 Release Resources: With the aborted transactions releasing their held resources,
other transactions waiting for these resources can proceed, breaking the deadlock
cycle.

 Resume Operations: Once the deadlock is resolved, normal system operations


can resume, and transactions can continue their execution.

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