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Different Ways To Define Object

The standard C++ string class provides string manipulation operations like copying, searching, and replacing. It allows overloaded operators like + and =. Strings can be defined in different ways like "string str;" or "string str = "Man";". Functions like getline() and >> operator allow reading strings from the keyboard. Common string functions include length(), empty(), assign(), compare(), append(), substr(), and find().

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Muhammad Sarmad
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15 views

Different Ways To Define Object

The standard C++ string class provides string manipulation operations like copying, searching, and replacing. It allows overloaded operators like + and =. Strings can be defined in different ways like "string str;" or "string str = "Man";". Functions like getline() and >> operator allow reading strings from the keyboard. Common string functions include length(), empty(), assign(), compare(), append(), substr(), and find().

Uploaded by

Muhammad Sarmad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE STANDARD C++ STRING CLASS

• It provides a number of string manipulation operations


such as copying, searching, replacing etc. “string” class
allows the use of overloaded operators (e.g. +, +=, = =).

DIFFERENT WAYS TO DEFINE OBJECT:


• string str;
• string str (“Man”);
• string str = “Man”;
• string str(8, ‘x’);
[string containing eight ‘x’ characters].
• The stream extraction operator (>>) is also overloaded to support
strings. The statement

string str;
cin >> str;

reads a string from the keyboard. Input is delimited by white-space


characters. When a delimiter is encountered, the input operation is
terminated.

• Function getline is also overloaded for strings. The statement


string str;
getline (cin,str);

reads a string from the keyboard. getline can read a line of text and
STRING FUNCTIONS:

• getline (cin, str); getline(cin, str, delim);


Reads a string from keyboard

• str.length( ); / str.size( );
Returns the size/length of the string str.

• str.empty ( );
Informs if the string is empty or not. Returns true (1) or false (0).
STRING FUNCTIONS (Contd.)
ASSIGNMENT AND CONCATENATION:

 str1.assign (str2); (Alternative str1=str2;)


Assigns the value of str2 to str1

 str [2] = ‘r’;


Assigns value ‘r’ to the 2nd index of string str.

 str.at (4);
Returns character at 4th index of string str.

 str.append (“bomb”); (Alternative str += “bomb”;)


Append string str and “bomb”.

 str.append (str1, StartIndex, Length);


Appends string str1 with string str.
STRING FUNCTIONS (Contd.)
COMPARING STRINGS:

• str1.compare(str2);
Compares string str2 with string str1. Returns an integer value.
If both are equal returns 0. Returns a positive number if string str1 is greater, while
returns negative number if string str2 is greater than string str1.
(str1 == str2), (str1 < str2), (str1 > str2)

• str1.compare (StartIndex, Length, str2, StartIndex, Length);


Compares a part of string str1 with a part of string str2. Returns an integer value.

• str1.compare(StartIndex, LengthOfIndex, str2);


Compares a part of string str1 with string str2. Returns an integer value.
ASSIGNMENT:

• Define two strings str1, str2.


• Check if both strings are empty.
• Assign values “Amjad Khan” & “ studying at
University” to string str1 and str2 respectively.
• Check length of both strings.
• Print the character on index 2.
• Check if str1 is greater than str2 and vice versa.
• Append “ is” at the end of str1.
• Replace character ‘d’ with ‘q’.
• Append str1 with str2.
STRING FUNCTIONS (Contd.)
SUBSTRING:

• str1=str2.substr (StartIndex, LengthOfIndex);


Retrieves a substring of a string str2.

SWAPING STRING:

• str1.swap(str2);
Swaps the values of string str1 and str2.
STRING FUNCTIONS (Contd.)
FINDING STRINGS & CHARACTERS IN A STRING:

• str.find (“is”);
Returns the location (starting index) of the string “is” in a string str. (Forward Search)

• str.find (“is”, position+1);


Returns the location (starting index) of the string “is” in a string str. (Forward Search). Function
takes two arguments: The string to search and the index from where search must start.

• str.rfind (“is”);
Returns the location (starting index) of the string “is” in a string str. (Backward Search)

• str.find_first_of(“abcd”);
Locates the first occurrence in the string str of any character in “abcd”.

• str.find_last_of(“abcd”);
Locates the last occurrence in the string str of any character in “abcd”.
STRING FUNCTIONS (Contd.)
REPLACING CHARACTERS IN A STRING:

• str.replace (index, 3, “The”);


Used to replace the character in a string. Function takes three
arguments: the location in the string at which replacement should
begin, the number of characters to replace and the replacement
string.

• str.erase (6);
Used to erase everything from (and including) the character in
position 6 to the end of string str.

• str.erase(5 , 8);
Used to erase from (and including) the character in position 5 till the
next 7 characters. (Index 5-12)

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