CSC 331: Digital Image Processing

Instructor: Muhammad Nasir | Lecturer | [email protected]

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 CSC 331: Digital Image Processing
Instructor Muhammad Nasir ([email protected])

Text books and notes 1. R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods, “Digital Image

Processing”, 4th Edition, Pearson Education,

2. R. C. Gonzalez, R. E. Woods and S.L. Eddins,

“Digital Image Processing using MATLAB”
2nd Edition, Pearson Education, Inc., 2004.

3.Class Slides

Additional books 1. Practical Image And Video Processing Using Matlab

by OGE MARQUES

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 CSC 331 : Digital Image Processing
Course Evaluation
 Assignments
 Quizzes
 Term Projects / Reports
 Mid Term
 Final exam

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 Course objectives
 To give a thorough understanding of advance tools,
algorithms and techniques used in image processing
 To enable students to be able to solve an image
processing problem and to design systems on their own
• by giving them working experience on image processing tools

 To introduce advanced topics in image processing and

invoke interest for doing research in this field

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 Pre-requisites for the course
1. Basic knowledge of probability and random variables,
linear algebra & vectors and matrices.
2. Working knowledge of Matlab (Not Mandatory)

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 Assignments
 Assignments can be written assignments OR programming
assignments.
 The deadline for the submission of an assignment will be provided
with the assignment.
 Assignments submitted after the deadline will not be accepted and
will carry ZERO MARKS.
 Cheated assignments will get ZERO MARKS.

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 History

Early 1920s: One of the first applications of digital

imaging was in the news-paper industry

– The Bartlane cable picture

transmission service Early digital image

– Images were transferred by submarine cable between

London and New York
– Pictures were coded for cable transfer and reconstructed
at the receiving end on a telegraph printer

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 History

Mid to late 1920s: Improvements to the Bartlane

system resulted in higher quality images
– New reproduction processes based
on photographic techniques
– Increased number of tones in
reproduced images

Improved
digital image Early 15 tone digital
image

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 History

1960s: Improvements in computing technology and the

onset of the space race led to a surge of work in digital
image processing
– 1964: Computers used to
improve the quality of
images of the moon taken
by the “Ranger 7 probe”
– Such techniques were used
in other space missions
including the Apollo landings A picture of the moon taken
by the Ranger 7 probe
minutes before landing

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 History

1970s: Digital image processing begins to be used in

medical applications
– 1979: Sir Godfrey N. Hounsfield &
Prof. Allan M. Cormack share the
Nobel Prize in medicine for the
invention of tomography,
the technology behind
Computerised Axial
Tomography (CAT) scans
Typical head slice CAT
image

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 History

1980s - Today: The use of digital image processing

techniques has exploded and they are now used for all
kinds of tasks in all kinds of areas
– Image enhancement/restoration
– Artistic effects
– Medical visualisation
– Industrial inspection
– Law enforcement
– Human computer interfaces

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 Why do we process images?

Image from : Bernd Girod, © 2013-2014 Stanford University

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 Why do we process images?
 Facilitate picture storage and transmission
– Efficiently store an image in a digital camera
– Send an image through mobile phone
 Enhance and restore images
– Remove scratches from an old photo
– Improve visibility of tumor in a radiograph
 Extract information from images
– Measure water pollution from aerial images
– Measure the 3D distances and heights of objects from stereo images
 Prepare for display or printing
– Adjust image size
– Halftoning
 Biometrics based identification
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 Image Processing Examples
Photo Sharpening

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 Image Processing Examples
Noise Removal

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 Image Processing Examples
Photo restoration

Damaged Image Restored Image

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 Image Processing Examples
Photo colorization

Original B/W Image colorized Image Original Image Colorized

Image

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 Image Processing Examples
Contrast enhancement

Original Image Enhanced Image

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 Image Processing Examples
Color photo enhancement

Original Images Enhanced Images

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 Image Enhancement
Initial image Final image

Performed steps: Gaussian blur, contrast enhancement, median filter

and sharpening. Processing done by Photoshop.
Example taken from microscopy.berkeley.edu/courses/dib

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 Image Processing Examples
Deblurring

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 Image Processing Examples
Blurring

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 Image Processing Examples
Binarization

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 Image Processing Examples
Edge Extraction

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 Image Processing Examples
Extraction of settlement area from an aerial image

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 Image Processing Examples
Object Segmentation and Labeling

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 Image Processing Examples
 Improving Quality

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 Image Processing Examples
 Improving Quality

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 Image Processing Examples
 Artistic Effects

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 Image Processing Examples
 HCI

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 Image Processing Examples
Earthquake analysis from space

Image shows the ground displacement of a typical area due to earthquake

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 Image Processing Examples
 Medical Imaging: Computer Tomography (CT)
– Generating 3-D images from 2-D slices.
– CAD, CAM applications
– Industrial inspections

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 Image Processing Examples
 Medical Imaging: Computer Aided Tomography (CAT)

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 Image Processing Examples
 Medical Imaging: Ultrasound imaging

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 Image Processing Examples
Medical imaging: Averaging MRI slices for knee image

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 Image Processing Examples
Image compression

Original JPEG 27:1

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 Image Processing Examples
Image compression

Original JPEG2000 27:1

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 Image Processing Examples
Face detection

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 Image Processing Examples
Face Tracking

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 Image Processing Examples
Face Morphing

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 Image Processing Examples
Face Morphing

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 Image Processing Examples

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 Image Processing Examples
Fingerprint recognition

X X 

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 Personal Identification using Iris Recognition

1983 2000

National Geographics: “Afghan Girl”

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 Removing geometric distortions of camera

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 Image Processing Examples

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 Computer Imaging Systems

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