Lesson 3-

Curriculum Development: Processes and Models

Foundations of Curriculum Development

Prepared by: Grace G. Tizon

 Learning Outcomes
• Explain and summarize the curriculum development processes and models
• Describe the foundations of curriculum development and explain how
each foundation influences its development.
 Curriculum Development Process
• Curriculum planning
• Curriculum designing
• Curriculum implementing
• Curriculum evaluating
Curriculum Development Process Models
• Ralph Tyler Model: Four Basic Principles
1. What education purposes should schools seek to attain?
2. What educational experiences can be provided that are likely to attain
these purposes?
3. How can these educational experiences be effectively organized?
4. How can we determine whether these purposes are being attained or not?
 Hilda Taba Model: Grassroots Approach
1. Diagnosis of learners’ needs and expectations of the larger society
2. Formulation of learning objectives
3. Selection of learning contents
4. Organization of learning contents
5. Selection of learning experiences
6. Determination of what to evaluate and the means of doing it
 Galen Saylor and William Alexander
Curriculum Model
1. Goals, Objectives and Domains
2. Curriculum Designing
3. Curriculum Implementation
4. Evaluation
Foundations of Curriculum Development
• Philosophical Foundations
• Historical Foundations
• Psychological Foundation of Curriculum
• Social Foundations of Curriculum
 Philosophical Foundations
• Perennialism
• Essentialism
• Progressivism
• Reconstructionism
 Perennialism
Plato, Aristotle or Thomas Aquinas
Essentialism
Progressivism
Reconstructionism
 Historical Foundations
Great Contributors
Persons Contributions/ Theories and Principles
Franklin Bobbit (1876-1956)
He started the curriculum development movement.
Curriculum prepares learners for adult life.
 Curricula are purposeful activities which
are child-centered.
The purpose of the curricula is child development
and growth. The project method was introduced
by him where teacher and student plan the
activities.
The curriculum develops social relationships and
small group instruction.
He was a progressive educational philosopher and
was the interpreter of
William Kilpatrick( 1875-1952)Will John Dewey’s work
Werret Charters
 To him, curriculum should develop the whole
child. It is child centered.
With the statement of objectives and related
learning activities, curriculum should produce
outcomes.
He emphasized social studies and the teacher
plans curriculum in advance.
H He produced the first-ever series of school
Harold Rugg (1886- 1960) textbooks from 1929 until the early 1940s.
 Sees curriculum as organized around social
functions of themes, organized
knowledge and learners’ interest
Curriculum, instruction and learning are
interrelated.
Curriculum is a set of experiences. Subject matter
is developed around social functions and learners’
interest.

Hollis Caswell (1901-1989)ollis

 As one of the hallmarks of curriculum, he
believes that curriculum is a science and
extension of schools’ philosophy. It is based on
students’ needs and interest.

Ralph Tyler (1902-1994)

 Described how curriculum change is a
cooperative endeavor.
Teachers and curriculum specialist constitute the
professional core of planners.

Significant improvement is achieved through

group activity

Peter Oliva (1992- 2012)

Psychological Foundations of Curriculum
 Edward Thorndike (1874-1049)
Connectionism Theory
Robert Gagne ( 1916-2002)
Jean Piaget (1896- 1980)
Lev Vygotsky ( 1896- 1934)
Howard Gardner
 By teaching people to tune in to their emotions
with intelligence and to expand their circles of
caring, we can transform organizations from the
inside out and make a positive difference in our
world
— Daniel Goleman

Daniel Goleman
 Humanistic Psychology
Learning is explained in terms of “wholeness” of the
problem.
Human beings do not respond to isolated stimuli but
to an organization or pattern of stimuli.Lof earning

Gestalt Theory
Social Foundations of Curriculum
 Society as a source of change
 Schools as agents of change
 Knowledge as an agent of change
 Considered two fundamental elements- schools
and civil society – to be major topics needing
attention and reconstruction to encourage
experimental intelligence and plurality.

John Dewey (1859-1952)

Other Theorists
John Goodlad
William Pinar
 Activity 1: Explore the Web (by Groups)
• Instruction: Form a group. Choose a group leader. With all the group members ,
search two outstanding personalities in the cluster of Curriculum Foundations
who contributed to curriculum development. Write their biographies. You may
find other persons not included in the list given.
Cluster 1- Philosophical Foundations
Cluster 2- Historical Foundations
Cluster 3- Psychological Foundations
Cluster 4- Sociological Foundations
2. Submit in group the biographies of the identified persons in not less than
3 pages, short-sized bond paper, double spaced, with list of references at the
end. In addition, include their best quotations about curriculum/education in
each philosopher.
 Self-reflect
1. Identify which among the foundations of curriculum, has influenced
what you have learned in school as a college student?
2. How will the thinking of Abraham Maslow influence your teaching
practice in the future?
3. Do you agree with Alvin Toffler?
 References
• https://www.academia.edu/41016361/Timetable
• https://sites.google.com/site/theoriescultureandpolitics/carl-rogers
• https://www.thenational.com.pg/maslow-and-self-actualisation/
• https://www.whatpsychologyis.com/gestalt-psychology/
• https://www.danielgoleman.info/
• http://historyoflearningpreferences.weebly.com/howard-gardner--a-short-bio.html
• https://www.simplypsychology.org/vygotsky.html
• https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/334673816032118549/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Piaget
• http://www.vkmaheshwari.com/WP/?p=854
Thank you very much!!!!!!!!