lesson 3

COMPUTING THE
MEAN AND
VARIANCE OF A
 PRE-
Given the values of the
ACTIVITYvariables X and Y,
following
evaluate the following
summations.
x1=4 x2=2 x3=5 x4=1
Y1=2 Y2=1 Y3=0 Y4=2
 PRE-
ACTIVITY
x1=4 x2=2 x3=5 x4=1
Y1=2 Y2=1 Y3=0 Y4=2

ΣX=

a. 7 b. 10 c. 12 d. 11
ΣX=

12
 PRE-
ACTIVITY
x1=4 x2=2 x3=5 x4=1
Y1=2 Y2=1 Y3=0 Y4=2

ΣY=

a. 5 b. 10 c. 12 d. 11
ΣY=

5
 PRE-
ACTIVITY
x1=4 x2=2 x3=5 x4=1
Y1=2 Y2=1 Y3=0 Y4=2

ΣXY=

a. 40 b. 55 c. 70 d. 60
ΣXY=

60
 PRE-
ACTIVITY
x1=4 x2=2 x3=5 x4=1
Y1=2 Y2=1 Y3=0 Y4=2

Σ(X+Y)=

a. 23 b. 15 c. 17 d. 16
Σ(X+Y)=

17
 PRE-
ACTIVITY
x1=4 x2=2 x3=5 x4=1
Y1=2 Y2=1 Y3=0 Y4=2

Σ4XY=

a. 140 b. 240 c. 210 d. 340

Σ4XY=

240
Consider rolling a die. What is the Step 1. Construct the probability
distribution for the random
average number of spots that would
variable X representing the number
appear? o f s p o t s t h a t w o u l d a p p e a r.

Step 2. Multiply the value of the

random variable X by the
c o r r e s p o n d i n g p r o b a b i l i t y.

Step 3. Add the results obtained in

Step 2.
 The average
number of spot
in rolling a
single die is 3.5 µ=
Consider rolling a die. What is the Step 1. Construct the probability
distribution for the random
average number of spots that would
variable X representing the number
appear? o f s p o t s t h a t w o u l d a p p e a r.

Step 2. Multiply the value of the

Average random variable X by the

c o r r e s p o n d i n g p r o b a b i l i t y.

number of Step 3. Add the results obtained in

spots = 3.5 Step 2.

 Steps in Finding the Mean

1. Construct the probability distribution for the random variable X.

2. Multiply the value of the random variable X by the corresponding probability.

3. Add the results obtained in Step 2. And the result in step 3 will be the mean when
simplified
C P(c) c*P(c)
0 1/8
1 3/8
2 3/8
3 1/8
C P(c) c*P(c)
0 1/8 0/8
1 3/8 3/8
2 3/8 6/8
3 1/8 3/8

The average number of

µ =1.5
mean Heads occur in tossing 3
coins is 1.5
TRY
Grocery Item
The probabilities that a customer will buy
1,2,3,4, or 5 items in a grocery store are ,
respectively. What is the average
number of items that a customer will buy?
Represent Random variable as X
X P(X) X*P(X)
X P(X) X*P(X)
1 3/10 3/10
2 1/10 2/10
3 1/10 3/10
4 2/10 8/10
5 3/10 15/10
31/10 The average
µ =3 . 1 number of items
mean that costumer
ΣX*P(X)= 31/10 or 3.1
will buy is 3.1
 MEAN
is a measure of central tendency that
balances the distribution. It is
also known as average.
 MEAN OF A
DISCRETE
RANDOM
-Is the sum of the products of the values of the
discrete random variable and their
corresponding probabilities.
 MEAN OF A
DISCRETE
RANDOM
It is also called the Expected
Va l u e o f a n e v e n t .
In symbols:
INDIVIDUAL
ACTIVITY
Patient
The probabilities that a surgeon operates on 3, 4, 5,
6, or 7 patients in any day are 0.15, 0.10, 0.20,
0.25, and 0.30 respectively. Find the average
number of patients that a surgeon operates on a
day.
Represent Random variable as A.
A P(A) A*P(A)
A P(A) A*P(A)
3 0.15 0.45
4 0.10 0.40
5 0.20 1.00 The average
6 0.25 1.50 number of
7 0.30 2.10 patient a
µ= surgeon
5.45
operates on a
mean
day is 5.45
ΣA*P(A)= 5.45
VARIANCE
&
STANDARD
DEVIATION
The Variance and Standard Deviation describe the

amount of spread, dispersion, or variability of the

items in a distribution.

Go to end…
 steps in computing the variance and
standard deviation
1. Find the mean of the probability distribution.
2. Subtract the mean from each value of the random variable
X.
3. Square the results obtained in Step 2.
4. Multiply the results obtained in Step 3 by the corresponding
probability
5. Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 4 to get the
variance.
6. Get the square root of the result in Step 5 to get the
standard deviation. Go to end…
Grocery Item
The probabilities that a customer
will buy 1,2,3,4, or 5 items in a
grocery store are ,
respectively.
Compute the variance and the
standard deviation of the
 X P(X) X*P(X) X-µ
1 3/10 3/10
2 1/10 2/10
3 1/10 3/10
4 2/10 8/10
5 3/10 15/1
0
µ =3 13 /. 1
m 0e1 a n
ΣX*P(X)= 31/10 or 3.1
 X P(X) X*P(X) X-µ
1 3/10 3/10 -
2 1/10 2/10 2.1
3 1/10 3/10 -
4 2/10 8/10 1.1
5 3/10 15/1 -
0 0.1
µ =3 13 /. 1 0.9
m e01a n 1.9
ΣX*P(X)= 31/10 or 3.1
 X P(X) X*P(X X-µ (X-µ)²
)
1 3/10 3/10 -
2 1/10 2/10 2.1
3 1/10 3/10 -
4 2/10 8/10 1.1
5 3/10 15/1 -
0 0.1
µ =3 13 /. 1 0.9
m e01a n 1.9
ΣX*P(X)= 31/10 or 3.1
 X P(X) X*P(X) X-µ (X-µ)²
1 3/10 3/10 - 4.4
2 1/10 2/10 2.1 1
3 1/10 3/10 - 1.2
4 2/10 8/10 1.1 1
5 3/10 15/1 - 0.0
0 0.1 1
µ =3 11 /. 1 0.9 0.8
m05e a n 1.9 1
ΣX*P(X)= 31/10 or 3.1 3.6
 X P(X) X*P(X) X-µ (X-µ)² p(X)*(X-
1 3/10 3/10 - 4.4 µ
1.32) ²
2 1/10 2/10 2.1 1 3
3 1/10 3/10 - 1.2 0.12
4 2/10 8/10 1.1 1 1
5 3/10 15/1 - 0.0 0.00
0 0.1 1 2 .16 9
µ =3 13 /. 1 0.9 0.8 0.16
m01e a n 1.9 1 v a r 2i a n c e
ΣX*P(X)= 31/10 or 3.1 3.6 σ ² = Σ1( .x0- µ8) ² . P ( X )
 variance and standard deviation

Variance: σ² = ∑(X− μ)² * P(X)

where:
σ² = is the variance.
X = is the value of the discrete random variable.
P(X) = is the probability of the discrete random variable.
μ = is the mean.
Standard Deviation(SD): σ = √∑(X− μ)² * P(X)

σ² = 2.69
σ = 1.640
ANOTHER
TRY
Patient
The probabilities that a surgeon
operates on 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 patients
in any day are 0.15, 0.10, 0.20,
0.25, and 0.30 respectively.
Compute the variance and standard
deviation of the probability
A P(A) A*P( A-µ
A)
3 0.1 0.45
4 5 0.40
5 0.1 1.00
6 0 1.50
7 0.2 2.10
0
0.2 µ=5.45
5 mean
0 . 3
ΣX*P(X)= 5.45
A P(A) A*P( A-µ (A-µ)²
A)
3 0.1 0.45 -2.45
4 5 0.40 -1.45
5 0.1 1.00 -0.45
6 0 1.50 0.55
7 0.2 2.10 1.55
0
0.2 µ=5.45
5 mean
0 . 3
ΣX*P(X)= 5.45
A P(A) A*P( A-µ (A-µ)² p(A)*(A-
A) µ)²
3 0.1 0.45 -2.45 6.002
4 5 0.40 -1.45 5
5 0.1 1.00 -0.45 2.102
6 0 1.50 0.55 5
7 0.2 2.10 1.55 0.202
0 5
0.2 µ=5.45 0.302
5 mean 5
0 .*3P ( X ) = 5 . 4 5
ΣX 2.402
A P(A) A*P( A-µ (A-µ)² p(A)*(A-
A) µ ) ²
3 0.1 0.45 -2.45 6.002 0.90037
4 5 0.40 -1.45 5 5
5 0.1 1.00 -0.45 2.102 0.21025
6 0 1.50 0.55 5 0.0405
7 0.2 2.10 1.55 0.202 0.07562
0 5 5
0.2 µ=5.45 0.302 0.72075
5 mean 5 v a r
1.9475i a n c e

Σ0X. 3* P ( X ) = 5 . 4 5 2.402
 variance and standard deviation

Variance: σ² = ∑(X− μ)² * P(X)

Standard Deviation(SD): σ = √∑(X− μ)² * P(X)

σ² = 1.9475
σ = 1.395528
ACTIVITY
Given the Discrete random variable x, the
mean is donated by µ, it is the sum of the
product formed from multiplying the
possible values of x with their
corresponding probabilities.
Where the variance (σ²) is the statistical
measurement of the spread between
numbers in a data set.

Standard deviation ( σ) is the measure of

how dispersed the data in relation to the
mean. And it is calculated as the square
root of variance.
Solve the following problems:
1. The probabilities of a machine
manufacturing 0,1,2,3,4, and 5 of
defective parts in one day are 0.75,
0.17, 0.04, 0.025, 0.01, and 0.005,
respectively. Find the variance and
standard deviation of the
2. The number of computers sold per day at a local
computer store, along with its corresponding
probabilities, is shown in the table. Find the
variance and standard deviation of the distribution.
Number of Computers Sold X Probability P(X)

0 0.1
1 0.2
2 0.3
3 0.2
4 0.2
Solve the following problems:
1. The probabilities of a machine
manufacturing 0,1,2,3,4, and 5 of
defective parts in one day are 0.75,
0.17, 0.04, 0.025, 0.01, and 0.005,
respectively. Find the variance and
standard deviation of the
2. The number of computers sold per day at a local
computer store, along with its corresponding
probabilities, is shown in the table. Find the
variance and standard deviation of the distribution.
Number of Computers Sold X Probability P(X)

0 0.1
1 0.2
2 0.3
3 0.2
4 0.2
What is VARIANCE
&
STANDARD
DEVIATION? Go to meaning…
How can we compute for the
variance and standard
deviation of a discrete
probability distribution?

Go to steps…
Prepare for a
quiz