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Lesson 1-Statistics and Probability

1. Statistics involves collecting, processing, summarizing, and analyzing data to answer inquiries or solve problems. 2. Probability is a measure of how likely something is to occur, with values between unlikely and likely. 3. Random variables assign numerical values to outcomes of a statistical experiment to classify data as discrete or continuous. Discrete variables have countable outcomes, while continuous variables take on measured values along a continuum.

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6 views

Lesson 1-Statistics and Probability

1. Statistics involves collecting, processing, summarizing, and analyzing data to answer inquiries or solve problems. 2. Probability is a measure of how likely something is to occur, with values between unlikely and likely. 3. Random variables assign numerical values to outcomes of a statistical experiment to classify data as discrete or continuous. Discrete variables have countable outcomes, while continuous variables take on measured values along a continuum.

Uploaded by

majellalpha.ongyaco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STATISTICS

PROBABILITY
STATISTICS
Statistics as a science involves the method of
collecting, processing, summarizing and analyzing
data in order to provide answers or solutions to an
inquiry.
TRIVIA - STATISTICS

“ statistics”
comes from the word “state”—
- governments have been involved in the statistical activities,
-conduct of censuses either for military or taxation purposes..
In the Christian Bible, particularly the Book of Numbers, God is reported to have instructed Moses
to carry out a census.
Another census mentioned in the Bible is the census ordered by Caesar Augustus throughout the
entire Roman Empire before the birth of Christ.
COLLECT PROCESS, COLLATE

SUMMARIZE

ANALYZE

ANSWERS OR SOLUTIONS
INTERPRET
DECISION-MAKING
STATISTICS ENABLE US TO

• characterize persons, objects, situations, and phenomena;

• • explain relationships among variables;

• • formulate objective assessments and; and, more importantly

• • make evidence-based decisions and predictions


STATISTICS ENABLE US TO
• compare of data,

• justify a claim or assertion

• predicts future outcome and estimates unknown quantities

• Summarizes data for public use


PROBABILITY
how likely something is to happen

Possibilities.
PROBABILITY
• PROBABILITY OF AN EVENT

Unlikely Likely

It is a measure of how often a particular


event will happen if something is done repeatedly.
PROBABILITY
- is a number that reflects the chance
or likelihood that a particular event
will occur.
EXPLORING DISCRETE AND
RANDOM CONTINUES
RANDOM
VARIABLES
VARIABLES
LESSON OBJECTIVE:
•Illustrate/provide examples of random
variables
•Distinguish between discrete and
continuous random variables.
Direction:
Write True if the Statement is correct
and FALSE if the statement is incorrect .
False
___1. Rolling a die has two possible outcomes.
___2. Random variables can be classified as
False
finite or infinite random variables.

True
___3. Random variable is a way to map
outcomes of a statistical experiment
False
___4. There are four possible outcomes when four
coins being tossed.
False
___5. A random variable can only have one value.
EXPERIMENT SAMPLE SPACE
1. Rolling
a die
2. Tossing a coin
and rolling a die
3. Drawing a card
greater than 6 from
a deck of cards
VARIABLE
- is a characteristic or attribute that is measurable and
values or answers may vary.
- can be broadly classified as either quantitative or
qualitative, with the latter further classified into
discrete and continuous types
QUALITATIVE VARIABLES
• are characteristics that do not strictly take
numerical values. They are expressed in
categorical attributes such as, gender,
provincial address, favorite color, preferred
internet provider, etc.
QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES
• are also called numerical data. These data
answer the questions “how many” and
“how much”. Examples of quantitative
variables are height, weight, shoe size, etc
SITUATION:
Suppose that there are three laptops and we want
to test them randomly. We want to identify the
number of defectives that may occur from these
laptops. Hence, to each outcome in the sample
space, we will assign the following values:
Illustration:
Let D represent the defective laptop and N represent non-
defective laptop. Then, we let X to represent the random
variable of the number of defective laptops. Then the
possible outcomes and the values of the random variable X.
Illustration:

D= defective laptops
N= non-defective laptops
Then: X = random variable of defective laptops
(Hint: Just count the "D" in the possible
outcomes to identify the values of the
random variable X).

Therefore the possible values of


the random variable X are 0,1,2
and 3
Random Variable is?
RANDOM VARIABLE
– is a function that associates a real number
to each element in the sample space. It is a
variable whose values are determined by
chance.
Sample Space is?
SAMPLE SPACE
– are set of all possible outcomes of an
experiment.
In tossing a coin, X = {0, 1, 2}
In rolling a die, X= {1,2,3,4,5,6}
P(A) = Number of Heads
THHT
P(A) = {0,1,2,3,4}
DISCRETE
VS
CONTINUOS RANDOM
VARIABLE
A random variable is discrete
random variable and continues
random variable if.......
DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE

if its set of possible outcomes is countable.


Mostly, this data represent "count" data.
CONTINUES RANDOM VARIABLE

if it takes on values on a continuous scale.


Mostly, these data represent “measured”
data
ACTIVITY 1

A. Determine whether the given random variable


is DISCRETE or CONTINUOUS. Write your
answer on the space provided for.
__________ 1. The weights in grams (g) of randomly
selected eggs.
__________ 2. The number of puppies that are given
birth by a dog.
__________ 3. The number of correct responses of the
students in a Math test.
__________ 4. The height in centimeters (cm) of the
student athletes.
_________ 5. The number of defective webcams
produced by computer manufacturing companies.
_________ 6. The daily record of temperatures at Baguio
City every 12 noon.
__________ 7. The number of 4Ps grantees in Grade 11
of a certain school.
_______ 8. The volume of water that the consumers
from Infinite Water Corporation use daily.
_______ 9. The number of points scored by a randomly
selected volleyball player in a Municipal Meet.
_______ 10. The degree of loudness in decibels (dB) of
the randomly selected stereo base speaker.
PREPARE FOR
A
Quiz

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