Insulators and Conductors

Objective: Describe insulators and conductors. Identify materials

that are good insulators and conductors.
 Heat Transfer
• Heat always moves from a warmer place to a
cooler place.

• Hot objects in a cooler room will cool to room

temperature after the hot object transfers some of
their heat to the cold object.
• Cold objects in a warmer room will heat up to
room temperature.
Why does metal feel colder than wood, if they
are both at the same temperature?

Metal is a conductor, wood is an insulator. Metal

conducts the heat away from your hands. Wood
does not conduct the heat away from your hands as
well as the metal, so the wood feels warmer than
the metal.
At home energy is TRANSFERRED in
lots of ways. Look at this saucepan
where potatoes are being boiled.

Heat energy is being transferred from the

electric ring to the glass hob.

Heat energy is being transferred from the

glass hob to the metal saucepan. Then can I transfer the
Heat energy is being transferred from the potatoes from the pan
metal saucepan to the water and potatoes. to my stomach?
What do we call things that allow heat energy to transfer easily?

They are called

conductors.

Solid fuel stove Metal hob

The heat energy is transferred
Good conductors from the burning fuel, to the metal
feel cold when there is hob, to the metal saucepan and
no source of heat. They kettle and then to the water. Heat
don’t retain heat but let energy is being transferred from
it be transferred away. the water to the spoon in the
Sometimes we don’t
want heat to be
transferred, we want
to keep the heat in.

What do you know

about all these
things?
Hats, coats, gloves and scarves are all insulators. They make it difficult
for heat energy to be transferred from your body to the cold air, so they
keep you warm.
 What is a conductor?
• A conductor is something which allows electricity
to flow through.

• An example of a conductor is:

– Scissors
– Paper clip
– Aluminum foil
– Iron
– Steel
– Copper
Look at these containers. They will be filled with hot water.
Which ones do you think are conductors that will allow the transfer of
heat energy most easily?

How will I know

which containers conduct
heat energy most easily?

glass
Paper cup

Clue

Polystyrene Metal Pottery Plastic

cup mug mug mug
 Examples of Conductors

• Metal
• Glass
•Paper
 Electrical Conductor Example:
Objects that allow
electrical charge to
flow easily
Example:
The coil from a
electric heater gets
hot and conducts
electricity well
Conductor: a material that transmits electrical energy
easily

Metals make the best conductors

 Property of Electrical Conductor:
In all good conductors
electric current flows
through them without
resistance

Example: Electricity flows

through the coil in the
power line coils easily
and without resistance
 Good Conductors

• Metal is a good conductor of

electricity
 What is a Insulator?
• An insulator is what help keeps electricity from
not flowing

• Examples of insulators are:

– Cotton
– Plastic
– Rubber
 Insulators
• We use INsulators when we want to keep
the heat IN – so the amount of
heat/temperature stays about the same
OR we use an insulator when we DO NOT
want the heat to pass through easily, so
we won’t be burnt.
– Example: Thermos, Oven Mitts, Styrofoam
cup with hot coffee, Winter Jacket, Rubber,
blanket.
 Look at these things.
These are insulators too.
What do they do?

Tea cosy, burger box and thermos flask all prevent the transfer of heat.
 Thermos
• A thermos is a
container that is
capable of keeping hot
items hot and cold
items cold.
• A thermos, a cooler or
even an insulated cup
works by preventing
transfers of heat!
 What are Insulators?
• Insulators are materials that do not allow heat
to move easily through them.
 Conductors & Insulators

Insulator: a material that resists or blocks the flow of

electrons through it
Good Insulators:
 Why Metals Feel Cool to the
Touch at Room Temperature
• Room temperature is cooler than human body
temperature.
• Heat is ONLY noticed when there is a transfer!
• Metals quickly conduct heat from your body
throughout the metal (since it is taking heat, it
feels cold).
• Wood and plastic don’t conduct heat quickly, so
not as much is taken from your skin.
• Good insulators normally have a lot of space for
air, because gases doesn’t conduct heat as well as
solids.
These are pictures of conductors
and Insulators
Conductors Insulators
Insulator or Conductor??
Here is a fun activity. Use your fingers to find out which materials
are good conductors and which are good insulators. Use a table
like this one.

Conductors Insulators
Feel cold to touch. Do not feel cold to touch.

Metal scissors Cotton T shirt

Things I am not sure about

1. Cotton ball
2. Metal scissors
3. Metal cookie sheet
4. Notebook paper
5. Rubber duck
6. Curling Iron
7. Glass Cup
8. Electric Heater (coils)
9. Plastic Trash Can
10. Metal Wire
11. Plastic Spatula
12. Copper Penny
13. Iron frying pan
14. Drawing chalk
15. Eye on the stove
 Procedure
Draw the following picture in your science
journal.
 Let me demonstrate…
Set up the equipment as shown and tape the
wires to the battery.

•Does anything happen?

•Does the banana allow electricity to flow through the
circuit and light the bulb?
•Is it a conductor or an insulator? Why or why not?
 Inquiring Minds Want to Know!
Conductor or Insulator? That is the question!
Now take the bag of Item Conductor Insulator Did the
bulb
materials and spread light?
Spoon
them out in front of you.
Draw the following table Paper clip

in your journal. pencil

As you test each item, Rubber

record whether it was a band
eraser
conductor or and
insulator with a Foil

Nail

coin
Now its your turn…

Use of a circuit tester: To test whether the

material is a good electrical conductor.

Example of a circuit tester

Reducing Heat Loss From The Home

• Heat can be lost through many places at

home. These include:
– Roof
– Walls
– Gaps around doors and windows
– Floors
– Windows
 Reducing Heat Loss From The Home

• We can reduce heat loss from our homes by using

different methods of insulation.
• These include:
– Double glazing
– Loft Insulation
– Cavity Wall Insulation
– Carpets, Curtains, Draught Excluders
Expansion and
Contraction
 Expansion and Contraction
• Materials expand or
• Expand- increase in contract when subjected
volume (get larger), to changes in
temperature.
• Most materials expand
when they are heated
• Contract- decrease (particles move farther
in volume (get apart), and contract when
smaller) they are cooled (particles
move closer together).
 #1 #2
Bridges are made from materials
that contract and expand as the
temperature changes, so they
cannot be fastened firmly to the
bank of a river or lake.

The photographs below show an

expansion joint at the end of a bridge
in winter and in summer.

•Which season is shown in each

picture? Explain how you know.

(b) Why do you suppose concrete

roadways and sidewalks are laid in
sections with grooves between them?
Expansion and Contraction
in Gases
#1 #2 If you put gases in a flexible
container such as a balloon,
you can see that they
expand and contract much
more than solids when the
temperature changes.
 Expansion and
As the thermometer liquid Contraction of Liquid
moves up the glass tubing
(the bore), it takes up more
space. In other words, the
liquid expands as it warms.
As the thermometer cools,
the liquid contracts, so it
moves back down the tubing.
The liquid must be
contracting as it cools.
Exception
Water doesn’t expanded or
contract.