REVIEW COURSE

TECHNOLOGY LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION

CARPENTRY
 REF-SPP-CIE-PIE-STLE-ERN-03012021

TERMINOLOGY

 Kiln drying of wood is the scientific way of preparing wood

 Air seasoning is a process of drying wood by means of filling so that air

can circulate between wood pieces.

 Cutting of wood is the process of cutting wood lumber into different sizes.

 Wood processing is an activity in woodworking where in the

woods are made to any object according to plant and skill of
the worker.
Technological University of the Philippines - Manila 3
Wood finisher- a particular skill needed to produce
a finished wood product.
 Coloring- the process of changing the color of the
tabletop using varnish.
 Lumber- a trees that has been cut into logs and
process
 Seasoning- the proper way of preparing wood for
future use
 Varnish – it is a finishing material that when
applied produces high glossy finish to project
 Paint- used to protect ,color or provide texture to
objects.Types: Latex,enamel,Lacquer
 Shellac- came from gums substance of insects.
Kinds: Orange shellac and white shellac
 Stain- a type of finishing material used to color
wood and consists of colorants dissolved and/or
suspended in a solvent. Classification: Oil Stain,
Water Stain, Spirit Stain
 Wood fillers- a kind of finishing materials that is
used to eliminate deep cuts and holes in the
finished project
 REF-SPP-CIE-PIE-STLE-ERN-03012021

A. Carpentry
Carpentry is a manner of shaping, cutting,
forming and joining wood parts together to assemble
structural woodworks.

B. Shop conditioning is only one factor that

contribute for quality output in wood working.

C. Place of work is the location of the shop. It does

not affect much in the quality of work.

D. Material used is also important in woodwork but

finishing activities can improve the appearance of the
product.
Technological University of the Philippines - Manila
 Materials and Tools for Carpentry
Lumber- sawn timber
Nails – made of metal used for fastening
Cement- a powdered substance which when mixed with
water acts as binder of aggregate
Sand - fine gritty, substance found in the shore and the
desert
Plywood- thin cross laminated sheet of wood. This are
veneer material of different thickness use for partitions,
ceiling and cabinets.
Gravel- coarse aggregate
Pull-push-rule – used for measuring long
distance
Claw hammer- used for driving and pulling
out nails
• Cross-cut-saw- tool used for cutting
across the grain
• Plumb-bob- Used for vertical alignment
• Try square- used to test the squareness
of a stock
• Hack saw-fine toothed saw used to cut
metals and pipes
• Level bar- tool used in checking vertical
and horizontal position
Rip saw-used for cutting along the grain
 REF-SPP-CIE-PIE-STLE-ERN-03012021

Sliding T-bevel - is a tool that can be set

to any angle.. This is use to test the slope
of a beveled edge. It is also use for working
on a wood out of straight line and right
angle to the edge of the wood.

Technological University of the Philippines - Manila 16

 REF-SPP-CIE-PIE-STLE-ERN-03012021

Wood lathe- An equipment used to form

lumber to a mass production of wood
products.

Technological University of the Philippines - Manila 17

 REF-SPP-CIE-PIE-STLE-ERN-03012021

Expansive bit - tool is used in boring holes

on wood of more than 2.5 centimeters in
diameter

Technological University of the Philippines - Manila 18

 REF-SPP-CIE-PIE-STLE-ERN-03012021

Coping saw- this tool is designed for

cutting irregular shape and curves on
thin pieces of wood.

Technological University of the Philippines - Manila 19

 REF-SPP-CIE-PIE-STLE-ERN-03012021

Electric sander- is a kind of equipment

use for smoothening wood surface that
uses circular blade.

Technological University of the Philippines - Manila 20

 REF-SPP-CIE-PIE-STLE-ERN-03012021

Pull-push rule – a convenient tool reeled

in housing designed for measuring object
used by workers. It retracts automatically
by a spring.

Technological University of the Philippines - Manila 21

 REF-SPP-CIE-PIE-STLE-ERN-03012021

Paring chisel - is a kind of chisel used for hand

chiseling work on a very small space to work.
This kind of chisel has a long blade.

Technological University of the Philippines - Manila 22

 Calculating Boardfoot of lumber
 A board foot is actually one square foot of lumber
of one inch thick.
 Formula
Board foot (Bd. Ft.) = T x W x L
12
Where:
T = Thickness in inches
W= Width in inches
L = Length in feet
 Sample Problem
Example: Compute the board foot of lumber whose
dimension is 2” x 4 “x 12”.If Mr. Santos needs 10 pieces of
it. How much he need to pay if the price is Php10/bd.ft.
Bd. Ft. = T x W x L
12
= 2” x 4” x 12 “
12
= 96/12
= 8 Bd. Ft.
=bd.ft x no. of pieces x price
= 8 x 10 x 10
= Php 800
 REF-SPP-CIE-PIE-STLE-ERN-03012021

Mortise and Tenon, the joint is

considered the best in cabinet making for
it provides good reinforcement.

Technological University of the Philippines - Manila 27

 REF-SPP-CIE-PIE-STLE-ERN-03012021

Construct the different kinds of wood joints.

B. Dado joint is a groove that runs on board and receives

the end or edge of the second board. It is commonly
used for making cabinetwork.

C. Rabbet joint is a joint commonly used for making

frames to hold glass in constructing drawers and other
cabinetwork. A rabbet is a groove running along the
grain while dado is across the grain.
D. Lap joint is a type of joint that uses 45 degree angle
cut. This is usually intended for making frames because
of the neatness of the appearance.

Technological University of the Philippines - Manila 28

 REF-SPP-CIE-PIE-STLE-ERN-03012021

Butt joint - a type of common wood joint known

to be the easiest type of join used in
woodworking.

Technological University of the Philippines - Manila 29

Technological University of the Philippines - Manila
REF-SPP-CIE-PIE-STLE-ERN-03012021
 REF-SPP-CIE-PIE-STLE-ERN-03012021

Dado joint- is a kind of wood joint wherein the wood

groove runs on board and receives the end or edge of the
second board.

Technological University of the Philippines - Manila 31

 REF-SPP-CIE-PIE-STLE-ERN-03012021

Miter joint - a kind of wood joint that is

used in the assembly of frame that uses 45
degrees cut on the joint.

Technological University of the Philippines - Manila 32

 REF-SPP-CIE-PIE-STLE-ERN-03012021

Mortise and Tenon- among the types of

joint, which of the following wood joint is
the strongest wood joint?

Technological University of the Philippines - Manila 33

Masonry
 TERMINOLOGY
• Ashlar – a quarry cut to produce smooth, flat bedding surface that stack easily
• Block – short term for Concrete Hollow Block; it consists of an outside shell
with a hollow center that is divided into two or three vertical webs
• Brick – made of clay and other materials processed into workable consistency,
molded to sizes, and fired in a kiln for stronger and more attractive product
• Control measures – set of procedures, guidelines or standards used to regulate
or systematize performance of shop tasks or jobs according to certain
standards
• Course Ashlar – stone arrangement which has a formal appearance
• Course Rubble – stone which has a neater appearance than random rubble but
more difficult to construct and requires a large selection of stones
• Electronic method – type of requisitioning of supplies, tools, and equipment
through the use of computer unit instead of the usual slip
• Finishing tools – tools used for smoothening, roughening, plastering, and
finishing surfaces with mortar or plaster
• Masonry – the structural construction of component parts laid in and bound
together by a material called as mortar
• Material Handling – the movement, storage, control and protection of
materials, goods and products throughout the process of manufacturing,
distribution, consumption, and disposal
• Material Management – scientific method of ensuring that all items including
tools and equipment are released and utilized properly according to the
requirement and shop guidelines
• Mortar – workable paste used to bind construction blocks together and fills the
gaps between stocks
• Quality inspection – formal evaluation technique to ensure that deliveries are in
accordance with the specifications, quantity, and functionality or workability
• Random ashlar – arrangement of stones wherein various sizes are used to make
courses that are not continuous for the whole length of the wall
• Random Rubble – stone that is usually dry – laid but can also be mortared
• Roughing up tools – those tools necessary in the process of preparing, arranging,
forming, laying and shaping of bricks, stones and masonry blocks
• Rubble – stone that is irregular in size, shape, and texture
• Masonry- is the structural construction of components parts laid in and bound
together by a material called mortar.
 STONE TYPES AND VARIETIES OF BOND
PATTERN
1. Ashlar is a quarry cut to produce smooth, flat bedding surface that stack
easily. It is generally cut into small rectangles with sawed or dressed face.
2. Random ashlar is an arrangement of stones where in various sizes are used to
make courses that are not continuous for the whole length of the wall. However,
course ashlar has a formal appearance.
3. Rubble is a stone that is irregular in size, shape and texture. Field stone is one
type of rubble. Random rubble is usually dry – laid but can also be mortared.
Course rubble has a neater appearance than random rubble but more difficult to
construct and requires a large selection of stones.
 CLASSIFICATIONS OF BRICKS
• Common Bricks are made from clay and sold at the market.
• Face Bricks are used for exterior and interior walls and other architectural
structures.
• Calcium Silicate Bricks are made with alumina and silica
and are used for furnaces and other structures that require
higher temperature up to 178 o C.
 BRICK LAYING PATTERN
• Bricks are laid in horizontal or vertical layer with a string or
nylon chord as guide. The vertical layer of bricks is guided
by a plumb line wherein the mortar having a thickness of 3
to 10 mm. is placed between layers.
 BRICK LAYING PATTERN
• Running • English
• Common • Dutch
• Garden Wall • Flemish
Concrete Hollow Blocks
• The CHB (sometimes called
as Concrete Hollow Block) is
used for all the types of
construction walls, partitions,
dividers, fences, etc., it.
Generally, a block consists of
an outside shell with a hollow
center that is divided by two or
three vertical webs.
 Masonry Tools
1. Roughing up tools 2.Surface Finishing
Roughing up tools are Tools
those tools necessary Tools use for finishing
in the process of the walls
preparing, arranging,
forming, laying, and
shaping of bricks,
stones, and masonry
blocks.
 Roughing up Tools
1. Masons Axe or Hammer 6. Cold Chisel
2.Patent Hammer 7. Star Drill
3.Brick Hammer 8. Bolster
4.Crandall 9. Wrecking Baron
5. Cross Pen Hammer
 Surface Finishing Tools Classifications
Classification
1. Float
2. Trowels Floats
 Classification of Float Tools
Common Float
Bull Float
• Devil or nail Float
Angle Floating
 Different Kinds of trowels
1. Pointing Trowel
Brick trowel
Buttering trowel
• Edger and Margin trowel
 How to compute the CBH
Standard size of CBH-0.08meter square
1meter square/0.08meter square=12.5pcs of CBH
1. Determine your initial wall area
Square wall area=length x height
2. Determine door and windows areas:
Get the total area of openings
3.Get your total wall area
Subtract your total openings with the initial area of your wall
Total wall area=Initial wall area-total opening area
4. Multiply your total wall area by 12.5
No. of CBH=Total wall area x 12.5