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Unit-3 (Group Dynamics)

This chapter discusses group dynamics and team building. It defines groups and covers theories of group formation. Determinants of group behavior are explained along with how group cohesiveness relates to productivity. The five stages of team development are outlined. Attributes of effective teams and techniques for turning individuals into team players are also examined. Finally, the concepts, benefits, drawbacks and techniques of group decision making are presented.

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yash.goel1982
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23 views

Unit-3 (Group Dynamics)

This chapter discusses group dynamics and team building. It defines groups and covers theories of group formation. Determinants of group behavior are explained along with how group cohesiveness relates to productivity. The five stages of team development are outlined. Attributes of effective teams and techniques for turning individuals into team players are also examined. Finally, the concepts, benefits, drawbacks and techniques of group decision making are presented.

Uploaded by

yash.goel1982
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter

Chapter Learning
Learning Objectives
Objectives
 After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
– Understand Group Dynamics, Types of Groups and
theories of Group Formation.
– Explain Determinants of Group Behaviour.
– Understand Group Cohesiveness, factors affecting
it and it’s relationship with productivity.
– Explain the concept of team, types of teams and stages
of team formation.
– Understand attributes of effective teams and ways of
turning individuals into team players.
– Explain the concept, merits, demerits and techniques of
Group Decision-Making.
3-1
9-2
Why
Why People
People Join
Join Groups
Groups

 Security
 Status
 Self-esteem
 Affiliation
 Power
 Goal Achievement

See E X H I B I T 9-1
See E X H I B I T 9-1

9-3
Group
Group Dynamics
Dynamics

 Group Dynamics
-The social process by which people interact face to face in
small groups is called group dynamics.

-It is concerned with the formation of groups, their structure


and processes and the way they affect individual members,
other groups and the organisation.
Defining
Defining and
and Classifying
Classifying Groups
Groups
 Group:
– Two or more individuals interacting and
interdependent, who have come together to achieve
particular objectives.
 Formal Group:
– Defined by the organization’s structure with designated
work assignments establishing tasks.
 Informal Group:
– Alliances that are neither formally structured nor
organizationally determined.
– Appear naturally in response to the need for social
contact.

9-5
Subclassifications
Subclassifications of
of Groups
Groups

Formal Groups Informal Groups


 Command Group  Interest Group
– A group composed of the – Members work together
individuals who report to attain a specific
directly to a given objective with which
manager each is concerned
 Task Group  Friendship Group
– Those working together – Those brought together
to complete a job or task because they share one
in an organization but or more common
not limited by characteristics
hierarchical boundaries
9-6
Theories
Theories of
of Group
Group Formation
Formation
 Propinquity Theory
-The theory explains a basic factor, i.e., proximity of people at the
workplace, which leads to formation of groups.

 Homan’s Theory
-The theory is based on three concepts, namely, activities,
interactions and sentiments which are directly related to each other.
Activities Interactions

Sentiments
Fig. Homan’s Theory of Group Formation
 Balance Theory
-The theory states that “persons are attracted to one another
on the basis of similar attitudes towards commonly relevant
objects and goals”.
-Once a relationship is formed, it strives to maintain a
symmetrical balance between the attraction and the
common attitudes.
Mr. A Mr. B

C
Common Attitudes
(Authority, work, lifestyle etc.)
Fig. Balance Theory of Group Formation

 Exchange Theory
-This theory is based on reward-cost outcomes of interactions
between people.
Determinants
Determinants of
of Group
Group Behaviour
Behaviour
 External Factors
-Organisation structure, rules & regulations
-Organisational resources, staffing policies
-Reward system, organisational culture etc.
 Group Member’s Resources
-Abilities
-Personality Characteristics
 Group Structure
-Leadership (Formal and Informal Leader)
-Goals (Congruence b/w group & organisational goals)
-Communication (Formal & Informal Communication)
 Role Relationships
-(Psychological contract implies reciprocal expectations
between the individual and the management)
 Group Norms
-Behaviour norms and Performance norms
 Group Status
-Formal & Informal Status
 Group Size
-(Social Loafing is the tendency of group members to do
less than they are capable of as individuals)
 Group Composition
-Homogeneous and Heterogeneous

 Group Processes
-Group decision processes
-Power dynamics
-Conflict interactions
 Group Tasks
-Simple & Complex tasks
Group
Group Cohesiveness
Cohesiveness
 The term group cohesiveness refers to the degree to which
group members are attracted to each other and are motivated
to stay in the group.

 Factors Influencing Group Cohesiveness


-Nature of the Group
-Size of the Group
-Communication
-Status of the Group
-Outside Pressures
-Inter-dependency
-Leadership of the Group
Relationship
Relationship between
between Group
Group Cohesiveness
Cohesiveness and
and
Productivity
Productivity
Team
Team Building
Building
 A team may be defined as a group whose members have
complementary skills and are committed to a common
purpose for which they hold themselves mutually
accountable.
 Types of teams:
-Problem-solving Teams
-Self-Managed Teams
-Cross-Functional Teams
Five
Five Stages
Stages of
of Group
Group Development
Development Model
Model

E X H I B I T 9-2
E X H I B I T 9-2

9-15
The
The Five
Five Stages
Stages of
of Group
Group Development
Development
1. Forming
– Members feel much uncertainty
2. Storming
– Lots of conflict between members of the group
3. Norming Stage
– Members have developed close relationships and
cohesiveness
4. Performing Stage
– The group is finally fully functional
5. Adjourning Stage
– In temporary groups, characterized by concern with
wrapping up activities rather than performance

9-16
Turning
Turning Individuals
Individuals into
into Team
Team Players
Players
 Selection of Members on the basis of skills
 Setting Challenging Goals
 Developing Rules of Conduct
 Establish Urgency
 Allocating Right Roles to Right people
 Establish Accountability
 Developing Trust
 Recognition and Reward System
Group
Group Decision-Making
Decision-Making
 In group decision-making, the group members interact with
each other, deliberate on the problem and arrive at some
collective decision. The decision may be arrived at through
either consensus or simple majority.

 Merits of Group Decision-Making


-The knowledge base of the group is greater
which can help in taking better decisions.
-The input from the group members can help in eliminating the biases.
-It allows participation of group members in decision-making process
thus providing satisfaction to the participants.
 Demerits of Group Decision-Making

-Group think: This refers to the tendency of a tightly knit


group to bring individual thinking in line with the group’s
thinking.

-Group shift: The tendency of the group to shift either


towards more risk taking or towards less risk taking than the
individuals and either of the shift may have dysfunctional
consequences.

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