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Gr.11, Unit 3, Mod 15, L1, Reaction Rates

This document provides a lesson on reaction rates that includes the following key points: - It discusses how reaction rates are determined experimentally and how to calculate average reaction rates using changes in concentration over time. - It introduces collision theory and how reactions require collisions between reactant particles with sufficient energy to overcome the activation energy barrier and form an activated complex. - It explains that exothermic reactions release energy when products form at a lower energy state, while endothermic reactions absorb energy as products form at a higher energy state. - It states that the spontaneity of a reaction, as indicated by the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG), does not affect the reaction rate, only the natural tendency

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aminbigman15
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19 views35 pages

Gr.11, Unit 3, Mod 15, L1, Reaction Rates

This document provides a lesson on reaction rates that includes the following key points: - It discusses how reaction rates are determined experimentally and how to calculate average reaction rates using changes in concentration over time. - It introduces collision theory and how reactions require collisions between reactant particles with sufficient energy to overcome the activation energy barrier and form an activated complex. - It explains that exothermic reactions release energy when products form at a lower energy state, while endothermic reactions absorb energy as products form at a higher energy state. - It states that the spontaneity of a reaction, as indicated by the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG), does not affect the reaction rate, only the natural tendency

Uploaded by

aminbigman15
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 3

Module
15
TB
Lesson
1 p. 491-
499
Lesson 1

A Model for
Reaction Rates
Learning objectives:

The students will be able:


To discuss how do you determine
how fast a reaction is going?
To CALCULATE AVERAGE REACTION
RATES.
To demonstrate the Reaction rates
when determined experimentally.
Key words :
Terminology - New Vocabulary:

Reaction rate

Collision theory
Activated complex
Activation energy
MNIP:
My National Identity Program
- Think about some Examples of
chemical reactions that occur in UAE
daily life.
- Compare the different types of
Batteries in UAE markets ?
Review Vocabulary

An energy:
The ability to do work or
produce heat.
It exists in two basic forms:
a) Potential energy: stored
b) Kinetic energy : motion
Expressing Reaction Rates
• The Greek letter delta (Δ) written before a
quantity indicates a change in the
quantity.
• In equation form, average rate is written:

• The reaction rate of a chemical reaction is


the change in concentration of a reactant
or product per unit of time.
• It expressed as mol/(L · s). The brackets
around the reactant in the equation
PEER Assessment
Critical Thinking Question!
• How the Reaction rates are determined
experimentally?
• The figure shows how a reaction proceeds from
reactant to product over time.
Now, lets watch this video:
A Model for Reaction Rates:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eoOdVgFdOqk

https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/cheerpj/reactions-and-
rates/latest/reactions-and-rates.html?
simulation=reactions-and-rates.
CALCULATE AVERAGE REACTION RATES :
KNOWN UNKNOWN
Problem Solving:
In a reaction between Butyl t1 = 0.00 s Average reaction
rate = ? mol/(L • s)
Chloride (C4H9Cl) and water, the t 2 = 4.00 s

concentration is 0.220M at the [C4H9Cl] at t1 = 0.220M


beginning of the reaction. At 4.00 [C4H9Cl] at t2 = 0.100M
s, the concentration of C4H9Cl is State the average reaction rate
0.100M. equation.

Q.1 Calculate the •


=
Substitute t2 = 4.00 s, t1 = 0.00 s, [C4H9Cl]

Average Reaction at t2 = 0.100M, and [C4H9Cl] at t1 =


0.220M.

Rate ? =
CALCULATE AVERAGE REACTION RATES:

SOLVE FOR THE UNKNOWN (continued)


• Substitute mol/L for M and perform the
calculations. Note that the minus sign
cancels out.
= (
Average reaction rate = ( 0.120)
= + 0.03 mol/(L•s)
Collision Theory:
Collision theory states that atoms, ions, and
molecules must collide in order to react.
Collision Theory

An activated complex:
• ( Is a temporary, unstable arrangement
of atoms in which old bonds are
breaking and new bonds are forming ).
• It is a combination of the collision
orientation and the energy of the collision
that determines if a collision will result in a
reaction occurring. This is illustrated by the
figure on the next slide 
Collision Theory
Collision Theory
Activation Energy and Reaction Rate:
• (Is the minimum amount of energy that
reacting particles must have to form the
activated complex and lead to a reaction)
is called the activation energy.
• High activation energy means that relatively
few collisions have the required energy to
produce the activated complex, and the
reaction rate is slow.
* Collision Theory: 11B2
A) Exothermic reaction: Molecules collide with enough
energy to overcome the activation energy barrier, and
products are lower energy, Why? “It release energy”

Think, pair &


share
Collision Theory
B) Endothermic reaction: Reactants must “absorb
enough energy” to overcome the activation energy
barrier and form higher-energy products, Why?
Think, pair &
share
Collision Theory:

Spontaneity and Reaction Rate:


• Reaction spontaneity is related to change in Free
energy (ΔG).
• If ΔG is negative, the reaction is spontaneous
under the conditions specified.
• If ΔG is positive, the reaction is Not spontaneous.
• ΔG indicates only the natural tendency for a reaction
to proceed—it does not affect the rate of a chemical
reaction.
Choose only one idea for your project:
1- State a model for ………………………….
using foam balls – straws or tooth sticks.
2- Report about ……………………………….
3- Presentation PPT about the
………………………………………………………
Research of the WEEK!
Q.1 ” MNIP”
Write a report about the Different
Types of ENERGY in UAE !

…Paragraph …
Pe P
POP n
cil OP
Pencil On Paper! On
Pa
p er
Q.2
Why do we study
Chemistry ?
………………….
…Pictures or Draw…
Self
and
Peer
Assessment
Quiz (1) 11B1

1. Which is NOT part of collision theory?

A Reacting substances must collide at a high rate.

B Reacting substances must collide in the correct


orientation.
C Reacting substances (atoms, ions, or molecules)
must collide.
D Reacting substances must collide with sufficient
energy to form an activated complex.
Quiz (1)

1. Which is NOT part of collision theory?

A Reacting substances must collide at a high rate.


CORRECT
B Reacting substances must collide in the correct
orientation.
C Reacting substances (atoms, ions, or molecules)
must collide.
D Reacting substances must collide with sufficient
energy to form an activated complex.
Quiz (2)

2. Which best describes an exothermic reaction?

A energy absorbed, C energy absorbed,


products at lower energy products at higher
level energy level

D energy released,
B energy is released,
products at higher
products at lower
energy level
energy level
Quiz (2)

2. Which best describes an exothermic reaction?

A energy absorbed, C energy absorbed,


products at lower energy products at higher
level energy level

D energy released,
B energy is released,
products at higher
products at lower
energy level
energy level
CORRECT
Quiz (3)

3. Which of the following is NOT true?

A If ΔG is negative, the reaction is spontaneous.

B If ΔG is positive, the reaction is not spontaneous.

C If ΔG is negative, the reaction is not spontaneous.

D ΔG is related to change in free energy.


Quiz (3)

3. Which of the following is NOT true?

A If ΔG is negative, the reaction is spontaneous.

B If ΔG is positive, the reaction is not spontaneous.

C If ΔG is negative, the reaction is not spontaneous.


CORRECT
D ΔG is related to change in free energy.
Quiz (4)

4. Which is true of a high activation energy?

A The reaction rate is fast. C The reaction rate is slow.

B Most of the collisions D None of the collisions


have the required have the required
energy to produce the energy to produce the
activated complex. activated complex.
Quiz (4)

4. Which is true of a high activation energy?

A The reaction rate is fast. C The reaction rate is slow.


CORRECT

B Most of the collisions D None of the collisions


have the required have the required
energy to produce the energy to produce the
activated complex. activated complex.
Quiz (5)

5. Which is NOT true of the reaction rate of a


chemical reaction?

A It is the change in C It is generally expressed


concentration of reactant as mol/(L · s).
or product over time.

B It is determined D It can be calculated from


experimentally. a balanced equation.
Quiz (5)

5. Which is NOT true of the reaction rate of a chemical


reaction?  11g

A It is the change in C It is generally expressed


concentration of reactant as mol/(L · s).
or product over time.

B It is determined D It can be calculated from


experimentally. a balanced equation.
CORRECT
The END of the
PPT

GOOD LUCK
my students !

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