COMPARATIVE

MODELS IN
POLICING
LEA2
MR. MARK JOHN M. PANGAN,RCrim, CCS, MSCJ
INTRODUCTION
to COMPARATIVE
MODELS IN
POLICING
 INTRODUCTION
 The course COMPARATIVE MODELS
IN POLICING covers the comparison of
selected police models and their relation
to International Criminal Police
Organization (INTERPOL) and United
Nations (UN) bodies in the campaign
against transnational crimes and in the
promotion of world peace.
 INTRODUCTION
 The course also deals with the study of the
different policing systems worldwide with
special selections of the prominent police
forces such as but not limited to the United
States Police Forces (FBI, LAPD, NYPD and
their counterparts), British Police Forces
(Scotland Yard), Canadian and Australian
Police Forces, Asian Police Forces, the
INTERPOL and the specialized police
systems/operations.
 INTRODUCTION
 Furthermore, the course also deals
with understanding concepts and the
effects of globalization to policing with
the UN measures in dealing with
terrorism, and the concepts and
principles of transnational crimes
including international cooperation to
combat these borderless crimes.
 INTRODUCTION
 Finally, this course will also help BS in
Criminology students to distinguish the
similarities and dissimilarities of the policing
model/system of the Philippine National
Police (PNP) along with other selected Asian
and Western Policing systems for the purpose
of international cooperation in dealing with
transnational crimes and international
fugitives, among others.
 COURSE TIMELINE
CHAPTER 1: THE EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION
ON THE ROLE AND FUNCTION OF THE POLICE
CHAPTER 2: THE NATURE OF TRANSNATIONAL
CRIME
CHAPTER 3: THE COMPARATIVE POLICE
MODELS
CHAPTER 4: THE INTERPOL
CHAPTER 5: THE ASEANAPOL
CHAPTER 6: THE UNITED NATION AS A
PEACEKEEPING FORCE
PRELIMINARY
CHAPTER 1:

THE EFFECTS OF
GLOBALIZATION ON THE
ROLE AND FUNCTION OF
THE POLICE
 WHAT IS COMPARATIVE?
 Denotes the degree or grade by which
a person, thing, or other entity has a
property or quality greater or less in
extent than that of another.
 WHAT IS POLICE?
Police typically are responsible for
maintaining public order and safety,
enforcing the law, and preventing, detecting,
and investigating criminal activities. These
functions are known as policing.
Police are often also entrusted with various
licensing and regulatory activities. The word
comes via French word Policier, from Latin
politia ("civil administration"), from ancient
Greek polis ("city").
 The word “POLICE”
- Etymology
 Polis- Greek word means “City”
 Politeia – Greek word means
“Government of a City”
 Politia- Roman word, same meaning
above
 Polizei- German word which means
“Safe keepers” (Territory)
 Police- French word referring to those
“authorized to implement the law”
 The word “POLICE”
- Etymology
 Police – English and American word,
to describe a “Law enforcer”
 Cop and Constable are two other
common descriptions
 Cop- European term meaning “to
catch or to seize”
 “Constable” and “Patrol”- are both
French origin referring to a police
 WHAT IS SYSTEM?
 Combination of parts in a whole;
orderly arrangement according to some
common law; collection of rules and
principles in science or art; method of
transacting business (Webster)
 WHAT IS COMPARATIVE
POLICE SYSTEM?
Process of outlining the similarities
and differences of one police system
to another in order to discover insights
in the field of international policing.
 COMPARATIVE POLICE
SYSTEM
It is the science and art of
investigating and comparing the
police system of nations. It covers
the study of police organizations,
trainings and methods of policing of
various nations. (V. Delos Santos)
 THE NEED FOR
INNOVATIVE POLICING
 Theories and practices in law enforcement have
been compared in several studies under various
circumstances, the goal is to test whether the
theory and practice in policing needs
modernization to meet the demands of the
present trends in crime fighting.
 Comparative research is usually carried out by
the “safari” method (a researcher visits another
country) or “collaborative” method (the
researcher communicates with a foreign
researcher).
 Three practical reasons why we
should compare our system:

1. To benefit from the experience of

others.
 To learn from the experience of others
and, conversely, that he who knows
only one country knows none.
 Three practical reasons why we
should compare our system:
2. To broaden our understanding of
different cultures and approaches to
problems.
 If we fail to broaden our understanding of
other countries we are more likely to fall
prey to the problem of ethnocentrism---the
belief that one’s own country or culture does
things “right” and all other ways are “wrong”
or ”foreign”.
 Three practical reasons why we
should compare our system:
3. To help us deal with the many
transnational crime problems that plague
our world today.
 These problems have now become
imperative because the multicultural world
we now live in has entered the stage of
globalization.
GLOBALIZATION
 GLOBALIZATION. . .
 The increasingly global
relationships of culture, people
and economic activity.

 Also refer to the transnational

circulation of ideas, languages,
and popular culture.
 GLOBALIZATION
It is a process of interaction and integration among the
people, companies, and governments of different nations,
a process driven by international trade and investment
and aided by information technology. This process has
effects on the environment, on culture, on political
systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on
human physical well-being in societies around the world.
A package of translational flow of people,
production, investment, information, ideas, and authority.
(M. Garcia)
 GLOBALIZATION
 Is the system of interaction among
the countries of the world in order
to develop the global economy.
Globalization refers to the
integration of economics and
societies all over the world.
 GLOBALIZATION
Globalization involves technological,
economic, political, and cultural
exchanges made possible largely by
advances in communication,
transportation, and infrastructure.
 GLOBALIZATION

 The increasingly global

relationships of culture, people
and economic activity.
 Also, refer to the transnational
circulation of ideas, languages,
and popular culture.
 EFFECTS OR IMPACTS OF
GLOBALIZATION

If you visit several countries, you can

easily feel the effect globalization has
on our daily lives. The following are
some of the most significant effects of
globalization:
 EFFECTS OR IMPACTS OF
GLOBALIZATION

Industry: The world has become

a huge market where you can buy
and sell things produced in any
part of the world. There are a lot
of international brands operating
worldwide.
 EFFECTS OR IMPACTS OF
GLOBALIZATION
Culture: Globalization means a decrease
in the cultural diversity that used to exist in
the world earlier. You can find people in
several countries dressing up like
Westerners.
Food is another good example. Young
people especially are eating more of
American or Chinese foods then their own
cultural dishes. The way people speak is
also changing.
 EFFECTS OR IMPACTS OF
GLOBALIZATION
Legislation: There has been an
increase in the establishment of
International courts of justice
where someone accused could be
dealt with in any part of the world.
Interpol is another example of
International law enforcement
agency.
 EFFECTS OR IMPACTS OF
GLOBALIZATION
 Language: With increased
globalization, people tend to
forget their mother tongue and
use English instead as there is an
idea that it makes them superior
in some way. This might also help
them in job searches etc.
 EFFECTS OR IMPACTS OF
GLOBALIZATION
Information: With the wide use of
Internet and other kinds of
information technology, it has become
much easier and faster to share
information worldwide.
Live TV channels are another good
example of quick information sharing.
 EFFECTS OR IMPACTS OF
GLOBALIZATION
Finance: Globalization has made it
easier to raise finance through
individuals and firms outside the
country.
The International Monetary Fund is a
good example of an International
Institute which lends money to
countries in need for finance.
 EFFECTS OR IMPACTS OF
GLOBALIZATION
Politics: Powerful countries and
individuals nowadays have political
control over the whole world, not
only their country.
The United States is an example
of a country that influences the
whole of the world politics.
 THE DISADVANTAGES OF
GLOBALIZATION
Opponents of globalization point
out to its negative effects. Some
of them are listed below:
 THE DISADVANTAGES OF
GLOBALIZATION
 Developed nations have outsourced
manufacturing and white-collar jobs. That
means less-jobs for their people. This has
happened because manufacturing work is
outsourced to developing nations like China
where the cost of manufacturing goods and
wages are lower.
 Programmers, editors, scientists and
accountants have lost their jobs due to
outsourcing to cheaper locations like India.
 THE DISADVANTAGES OF
GLOBALIZATION
 Globalization has led to exploitation
of labor. Prisoners and child workers
are used to work in inhumane
conditions.
 Safety standards are ignored to
produce cheap goods.
 THE DISADVANTAGES OF
GLOBALIZATION
 Job insecurity. Earlier people had
stable, permanent jobs. Now people
live in constant dread of losing their
jobs to competition.
 Increased job competition has led to
reduction in wages and consequently
lower standards of living.
 THE DISADVANTAGES OF
GLOBALIZATION
 Terrorists have access to
sophisticated weapons enhancing
their ability to inflict damage.
 Terrorists use the Internet for
communicating among
themselves.
 THE DISADVANTAGES OF
GLOBALIZATION
 Fast food chains like McDonalds
and KFC are spreading in the
developing world.
 People are consuming more junk
food from these joints which has
an adverse impact on their
health.
 THE DISADVANTAGES OF
GLOBALIZATION

 The benefits of globalization

are not universal. The rich are
getting richer and the poor
are becoming poorer.
 THE DISADVANTAGES OF
GLOBALIZATION
 Bad aspects of foreign cultures are
affecting the local cultures through TV
and the Internet.
 Enemy nations can spread propaganda
through the Internet.
 Deadly diseases like HIV/AIDS are being
spread by travelers to the remotest
corners of the globe.
 THE DISADVANTAGES OF
GLOBALIZATION

 Local industries are being taken over

by foreign multinationals.
 There is increase in human
trafficking.
 THE ADVANTAGES OF
GLOBALIZATION

Globalization has a positive side

as well. Supporters of globalization
argue that it is good and beneficial.
Some of their arguments are listed
below:
 THE ADVANTAGES OF
GLOBALIZATION
Globalization has created the
concept of outsourcing. Work such
as software development,
customer support, marketing,
accounting and insurance is
outsourced to developing countries
like India.
 THE ADVANTAGES OF
GLOBALIZATION
The company that outsourced the
work enjoys the benefit of lower costs
because the wages in developing
countries is far lower than that of
developed countries. The workers in
the developing countries get
employment. Developing countries get
access to the latest technology.
 THE ADVANTAGES OF
GLOBALIZATION
Increased competition forces
companies to lower prices. This
benefits the end consumers.
Increased media coverage draws the
attention of the world to human right
violations. This leads to improvement
in human rights.
 GLOBALIZATION:
THE FUTURE
Globalization is a tool that should
benefit all sections of mankind. One
cannot ignore its negative effects.
These must be addressed for the
world’s peace and prosperity.
 IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION AND NEW
TECHNOLOGIES ON DRUG-RELATED CRIME
AND CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS

CYBERCRIME
The term “cybercrime” covers
many types of activities but
essentially can be used to describe
violations of law that are
committed and/or facilitated
through the use of electronic
media.
 IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION AND NEW
TECHNOLOGIES ON DRUG-RELATED CRIME
AND CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS
In comparison with ordinary crime,
cybercrime requires few resources relative
to the damage that can be caused, it can
be committed in a jurisdiction without the
offender being physically present in it and,
in many countries, offenses are
inadequately defined or not defined at all;
hence, personal risk and the likelihood of
detection are low.
 IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION AND NEW
TECHNOLOGIES ON DRUG-RELATED CRIME
AND CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS
Impact on Drug-Related Organized Crime
 Organized crime has its own operative code,
which flouts the rule of law and depends
upon violence for its enforcement. It has,
however, adopted some of the business
practices that characterize the legitimate
economy. Organized criminality has become
more transnational and has been
restructured and decentralized; in other
words, it too has globalized.
 IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION AND NEW
TECHNOLOGIES ON DRUG-RELATED CRIME
AND CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS
Impact on Drug-Related Organized Crime
 New technologies enable drug trafficking groups
to commit traditional crimes with new methods—
for example, to conceal information about the
shipment of illicit drug consignments by means of
encrypted messages or to launder drug-related
funds by electronic transfer—and to commit new
offences with new means, for example, by using
information warfare or digital attack against
intelligence activities of drug law enforcement
agencies.
 IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION AND NEW
TECHNOLOGIES ON DRUG-RELATED CRIME
AND CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS
Impact on Drug-Related Organized Crime
 Drug traffickers use computers and electronic
pocket organizers for storing information (such as
bank account numbers, contact details of
associates, databases of assets and financial
activity, sales and other business records, grid
coordinates of clandestine landing strips and
recipes for synthetic drug manufacture) and for
electronic mail (e-mail) and other
correspondence.
 IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION AND NEW
TECHNOLOGIES ON DRUG-RELATED CRIME
AND CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS
Impact on Drug-Related Organized Crime
 Drug traffickers communicate with each other
mainly by using mobile telephones with prepaid
cards that can be bought anonymously.
 China has also reported a case in which
criminals tried to avoid detection by penetrating
the customs database to alter the details and
status of a commercial freight consignment, a
case that undoubtedly has implications for drug
trafficking.
 IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION AND NEW
TECHNOLOGIES ON DRUG-RELATED CRIME
AND CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS
Impact on Drug-Related Organized Crime
 The Inter-American Drug Abuse Control
Commission (CICAD) of the Organization of
American States (OAS) noted in its Hemispheric
Report 1999-2010 that the Internet had become
the most widely used medium for expanding the
production of synthetic drugs in some countries
and that globalization, instant communication and
electronic fund transfers had been utilized by
organized criminal groups to improve the efficiency
of drug trafficking activities.
 IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION AND NEW
TECHNOLOGIES ON DRUG-RELATED CRIME
AND CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS
Impact on Drug-Related Organized Crime
 Drug law enforcement authorities in the
Czech Republic report that nowadays
illicit drug sales and purchases are
agreed online at Internet cafes or
through the use of cellular telephones .
Because illicit drug deals are arranged
instantaneously and over short distances,
interception by drug law enforcement
authorities is much more difficult.
 IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION AND NEW
TECHNOLOGIES ON DRUG-RELATED CRIME
AND CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS
Impact on Drug-Related Organized Crime
 Since 1996, companies based in the Netherlands have
been using the Internet to sell cannabis seeds and
derivatives. According to the International Criminal
Police Organization (Interpol), at the beginning of
the year 2000 authorities in the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Northern Ireland identified over
1,000 websites worldwide offering to sell illicit drugs,
mostly cannabis but also methylene
dioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, commonly
known as Ecstasy), cocaine and heroin, in direct
violation of the international drug control treaties.
 CHAPTER 2

THE NATURE OF
TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
 CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
At the end of the chapter, the
students are expected to:
 Discuss the characteristics of
transnational crimes; and
 Identify and explain
comprehensively the different
transnational crimes.
 WHAT IS
TRANSNATIONAL CRIME?
 Transnational organized crime is a crime
perpetuated by organized criminal groups
with the aim of committing one or more
serious crimes or offenses in order to
obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or
other material benefit.
 In order to be considered as transnational,
a crime must involve the crossing of
borders or jurisdictions.
 WHAT IS
TRANSNATIONAL CRIME?
CRIME THAT IMPACTS ON MORE THAN ONE
JURISDICTION
Crimes that are not only international but
crimes that by their nature involve border
crossing as an essential part of the criminal
activity.
The term covers not only offences
committed in more than one State, but also
those that take place in one State but are
planned or controlled in another.
 WHAT IS
TRANSNATIONAL CRIME?
 Crimes that takes place in one country, but
their consequences significantly affect
another country.
Crimes in one State committed by groups
that operate in more than one State
Always involve at least two countries.
Transnational crimes have been defined as
“offenses whose inception, proportion and/
or direct or indirect effects involve more
than one country”.
 WHAT ARE THE EXAMPLES OF
TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES?
 Pharmaceutical crime
 Trafficking in Persons/Human
Trafficking
 Human Smuggling
 Environmental Crime
 Economic Crime
 Cyber Crimes
 WHAT ARE THE EXAMPLES OF
TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES?
 Piracy and Armed Robbery against
Ships
 Intellectual Property Theft
 Cultural Property Theft
 Illegal Trafficking of Small Arms
 Money Laundering
 WHAT ARE THE EXAMPLES OF
TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES?

 Terrorism
 Drug trafficking
 Sexual slavery
 Arms smuggling
TRANSNATIONAL
CRIME
 CRIME THAT IMPACTS ON
MORE THAN ONE
JURISDICTION
 Crimes that are not only international but
crimes that by their nature involve border
crossing as an essential part of the criminal
activity.
The term covers not only offences
committed in more than one State, but also
those that take place in one State but are
planned or controlled in another.
 Crimes that takes place in one country, but
their consequences significantly affect
another country.
Crimes in one State committed by groups
that operate in more than one State
 Philippine Experience
 Human Trafficking and Smuggling
 Money Laundering
 Small Arms and Light Weapons
 Terrorism
 Drug Trafficking
 Sexual Slavery
 Cyber Crime
HUMAN
TRAFFICKING
 TRAFFICKING OF PERSONS
 Recruitment, transportation, transfer
or harboring, or receipt of persons
WITH OR WITHOUT THE VICTIM’S
CONSENT OR KNOWLEDGE, within or
across national borders by any means
for the PURPOSE OF EXPLOITATION
(e.g. prostitution, forced labor, slavery,
servitude, removal or sale of organs)
 TRAFFICKING vs HUMAN
SMUGGLING

TRAFFICKING HUMAN SMUGGLING

Usually does not

Usually involves
involve coercion
coercion Characterized by
Characterized by facilitating, for a fee,
subsequent the illegal entry of a
exploitation after the person into a foreign
illegal entry of a person country
into a foreign country Considered a
Considered a human migration issue
rights issue
 PHILIPPINE DOMESTIC LAWS
 RA 9208 -“Anti-trafficking in Persons Act of 2003”.
 RA 10364 –” Expanded Anti-Trafficking in Persons
Act of 2012″
 RA 7610 -“Special Protection of Children Against
Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act”.
 RA 8042 -“Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipino
Act”
 RA6955-“An Act to Declare Unlawful the Practice
of Matching Filipino Women for Marriage to
Foreign Nationals on a Mail-Order Basis and Other
similar Practices…
 RA 8239- “Philippine Passport Act of 1996”
 CAUSES OF HUMAN
TRAFFICKING
 Poverty
 Uneven economic development
 Family orientation & values
 Weak enforcement of laws
 Corruption
 Immediate benefits of working
abroad
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 ILLEGAL RECRUITMENT
R.A. 8042, as amended by RA 10022

Illegal Recruitment shall mean any

act of canvassing, enlisting, contracting,
transporting, utilizing, hiring or procuring of
workers which includes referring, contract
services, promising or advertising for
employment abroad, whether for profit or
not, when undertaken by a non-license or
non-holder of authority.
BACKDOOR EXIT

MANILA – PALAWAN – KUDAT, MALAYSIA

BACKDOOR EXIT

MANILA – PALAWAN – CAGAYAN DE ORO –

TAWI-TAWI – SANDAKAN – KOTA KINABALU
This law is otherwise known as the
anti money laundering act of the
Philippines
A. R.A. 9165
B. R.A. 9160
C. R.A. 9344
D.R.A. 9610
Philippine Definition (AMLA Section
4) (R.A. 9160)
is a crime whereby the proceeds of
unlawful activity are transacted, thereby
making them appear to have originated
from legitimate sources
• “TURNING OF DIRTY
MONEY INTO CLEAN
MONEY”
 SMURFING

HEAVY
SOAPING
SPIN DRY
LOAN SHARKING

It refers to the lending of

money at excessively high
rates of interest.
 LOAN SHARKING EMBRACES TWO
CENTRAL FEATURES

 The assessment of exorbitant

interest rates in extending credit
and;
 The use of threats and violence
in collecting debts.
The systematic use of terror, especially as
a means of coercion. It refers only to
those acts which are:
1. Intended to create fear
2. Are perpetrated for ideological goal
3. Deliberately target non-combatants
 R.A. 9372
The Human Security Act of 2007

Sec 3. Any person who commits an act

punishable under any of the following
provisions of the revised penal code
1. Art 122(Piracy and Mutiny)
2. Art 134 (Rebellion and Insurrection)
3. Art 134-a (Coup d etat)
4. Art 248 (Murder)
5. Art 267 (Kidnapping and serious illegal
detention)
6. Art 324 (Crimes Involving Destruction)
Or under
1. PD 1613 (The Law on Arson)
2. R.A. 6969 (Toxic Substance Control Act)
3. R.A. 5207 (Atomic Energy Regulatory Act)
4. R.A. 6235 (Anti – Hijacking Law)
5. PD 532 ( Anti Piracy and Highway
Robbery)
6. PD1866 (Illegal Possession of Fire Arms)
SMALL ARMS AND LIGHT WEAPONS
ARMS SMUGGLING
“Firearms - includes rifles, muskets,
carbines, shotguns, revolvers, pistols
and all other deadly weapons from
which a bullet, ball, shot, shall or
other missile maybe discharged by
means of gun powder or other
explosives. The barrel of firearms
shall be considered complete
firearms.” --- PD 1866:
 DRUG TRAFFICKING
The illegal drug trade or drug
trafficking is a global black
market consisting of the
cultivation, manufacture,
distribution and sale of
illegal drugs.
 Sexual Slavery

It refers to the organized

coercion of unwilling people into
various different sexual practices.
It encompasses most if not all
forms of forced prostitution.
 PROSTITUTION
The act or practice of
providing sexual
services to another
person in return for
payment.
People who execute
such activities are
called prostitutes.
Prostitution is one of the
branches of the sex industry. The
legal status of prostitution varies
from country to country, from
being a punishable crime to a
regulated profession.

Described as the “world's oldest

profession”
 CYBER CRIMES

Computer crime, or cybercrime, refers to any

crime that involves a computer and a network,
where the computers may or may not have
played an instrumental part in the commission of
a crime.
 What law is otherwise known as
the Cybercrime Prevention Act of
2012?
a. RA 10022
b. RA 10028
c. RA 10158
d. RA 10175
 RA 10022- AN ACT AMENDING RA
8042 MIGRANT WORKERS AND
OVERSEAS FILIPINO ACT)
 RA 10158- AN ACT
DECRIMINALIZING VAGRANCY
AMENDING ACT 3815
 RA 10175- CYBERCRIME
PREVENTION ACT OF 2012
Spreading virus to destroy the
computer of others is under what
category of cybercrime?
A. Computer as a weapon
B. Computer as target
C. Computer as an accessory
D.Computer as a concealment

03/14/2024 12:04 PM 99
These are series of numbers assigned
by an Internet Service Provider to an
Internet user when it connects to the
internet. It is considered as the anchor
of investigation of all internet crimes.
A. Internet identity number
B. Internet protocol address
C. Internet precision address
D. Internet password identification
number
03/14/2024 12:04 PM 100
 THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
CATEGORIZES COMPUTER CRIME IN
THREE WAYS:
 The computer as a target - attacking the
computers of others (spreading viruses is an
example).
 The computer as a weapon - using a
computer to commit "traditional crime" that
we see in the physical world (such as fraud
or illegal gambling).
 The computer as an accessory - using a
computer as a "fancy filing cabinet" to store
illegal or stolen information.
 Technical Terms
ISP – Internet Service Provider
IP Address – Series of numbers
assigned by an Internet Service
Provider to an Internet user when it
connects to the internet. It is
considered as the anchor of
investigation of all internet crimes.
 CHAPTER 3
COMPARATIVE
POLICE MODELS
 POLICING SYSTEM IN THE
PHILIPPINES

PRE SPANISH PERIOD

15th Century, rulers otherwise
known as “Chieftains” in the
Philippines were called
Sultan, Gat, Datu, Rajah or
Hare.

“Yet their primary purpose

are the same”
 Policing System in the Philippines

SPANISH PERIOD
1712
Carabineros de Seguridad
Publico, the “mounted
police”. In 1842, it was
reorganized and named
Cuerpo de Carabineros De
Seguridad Publica which
means “Corps of Carabineers
for Public Safety.”
 Policing System in the Philippines

SPANISH PERIOD
January 8, 1836
Guardrillos
A rural police established by
royal decree. The decree
provided that five percent of
the able bodied male citizens
of every province were to be
enlisted for 3 years.
 Policing System in the Philippines

SPANISH PERIOD
1852
Guardia Civil, the so called
“Town Police”
This was a police organization
with military background
established by a Royal Decree on
February 12, 1852. Created to
alleviate the burden of the
“Colonial Army Troops” in policing
the towns.
 Policing System in the Philippines

AMERICAN PERIOD, 1901

Philippine Constabulary
Known as the insular police force. It was
patterned from the American Constabulary.

Organic Act # 175, August 8, 1901 “An

Act providing for the organization and
government of an insular Constabulary and
for the inspection of the municipal police.

Capt. Henry T. Allen, was the first Chief of

the Philippine Constabulary and also known
as the “Father of the Philippine
Constabulary”
 Policing System in the Philippines

FILIPINIZATION
1917
Brigadier General Rafael P.
Crame, the First Filipino Chief
of the Philippine Constabulary
 Policing System in the Philippines

1935
PC personnel were absorbed by the
Philippine Army
NATIONAL Defense Act or
Commonwealth Act No. 1 was
enacted creating the Philippine
Army and this ended the 35 years
of service and experience of the
Philippine Constabulary as an insular
police force pursuant to Executive
Order No. 11
 Policing System in the Philippines

1936
Commonwealth Act No.
88 approved on October 26,
1936.

Police force was placed

under the control and
supervision of the
Department of Interior and
were called the State
Police.
 Policing System in the Philippines

1938
THE CONSTABULARY
RECONSTITUTED
Commonwealth Act No.
343 on June 25, 1938
reconstituted the Philippine
Constabulary, withdrawal of
the Philippine Constabulary
from the Army as an
independent unit and detailed
as a National Police Force.
 Policing System in the Philippines

1939
BICYCLE PATROL
The Manila Police
Department introduced
the bicycle patrol.
 Policing System in the Philippines

1941 1945
THE CONSTABLE LIBERATION PERIOD
DURING WORLD WAR
II The MPD was
The Japanese Military reconstituted and placed
Police (Kempetai took under American control.
over MPD. Col. Marcus Ellis
Jones, became the Chief
of police of the MPD.
 Policing System in the Philippines

1966
 Police Commission (POLCOM, September 8, 1966
This act was otherwise known as the Police Act of 1966.
The purpose of its creation was to draw up plans for the
professionalization of the local police forces.
Police Act of 1966
 The law provided for the establishment of the Police
Commission and was renamed to National Police
Commission under the office of the President of the
Philippines.
Appointment to a local police agency was made by the
mayor from the list of eligible certified by the Civil Service
Commission.
 Policing System in the Philippines

1975
Presidential Decree No. 75, August 8, 1975
It provided for the integration of all city and
municipal police and fire departments and jails into
the Integrated National Police (INP.
All the local police forces in the Philippines were
joined into one National Police and integrated with
the Philippine Constabulary (PC.

PC became the nucleus or umbrella of the

united national police force.
 Policing System in the Philippines

August 26, 1977

PD 1184
Known as the “INP Personnel
Professionalization Law of 1977”
Proposed for the creation of the Philippine
National Police Academy (PNPA.
Section 19 of said decree provided that “there
shall be established in the Integrated National
Police a premiere police service training
institution to be known as the Philippine
National Police Academy for the education
and training of the members of the PNP.
 Policing System in the Philippines
1990
R.A. 6975
Creation of the Philippine National Police or PNP that
is civilian in character and national in scope under the
1987 Phil. Const.
 Policing System in the Philippines

1991
General Cesar P.
Nazareno
First Chief of the Philippine
National Police
 Policing System in the Philippines
1998
RA 8551
“PNP Reform and Reorganization Act” dubbed as the “PNP
Professionalization”
 Policing System in the Philippines
June 1, 1999
The PNP activated and created the Internal Affairs
Service (IAS on a national scope.
 TIMELINE ON THE
DEVELOPMENT OF POLICING IN
THE PHILIPPINES
 Pre-Spanish – policing is tribal in nature
 1712 – Carabineros de Seguridad Publico –
the mounted police
 1836 – Cuardrilleros – rural police
 1852 – Guardia Civil – town police
 1901 - Organic Act # 175 – creation of the
first insular police force (Philippine
Constabulary) – Capt. Henry T. Allen – first
Chief – appointed October 8, 1901
 1901 – Arthur MacArthur became the 1st Chief of
the Metropolitan Police of Manila
 DEVELOPMENT OF POLICING IN
THE PHILIPPINES
 Sec 2275, Book III, Title IX or RAC,
March 20, 1917 – Creation of Police
Organization in any city or Municipality
with approval of Governor
 1917 – PC Filipinization – Brig. Gen.
Rafael Crame – First Filipino Chief of
PC
 1935 – PC Personnel were absorbed by
the Philippine Army hence policing is
placed under military hands.
 1938 – Commonwealth Act #343 –
reconstituted the Philippine Constabulary –
PC became an independent National Police
Force
 Japanese Occupation
 1941 - The Japanese Military Police
(Kempetai) took over MPD.
 Liberation Period
 1945 - The MPD was reconstituted
and placed under American control.
Col. Marcus Ellis Jones became the
Chief of Police of the MPD.
 RA 4864 – Police Act of 1966
 1975 – PD 765 – The
integration of the national
police known as the
Integrated National Police
(INP)
 1990 – R.A. 6975 – Creation of the
Philippine National Police (PNP);
civilian in character and national in
scope.
 1998 – R.A. 8551 – PNP Reform
and Reorganization Act – “Police
Professionalization Law”
 RA 9708- An Act Extending For Five (5)
Years The Reglementary Period For
Complying With The Minimum Educational
Qualification For Appointment To The
Philippine National Police (PNP) And
Adjusting The Promotion System Thereof,
Amending For The Purpose Pertinent
Provisions Of Republic Act No. 6975 And
Republic Act No. 8551 And For Other
Purposes
PNP
Insignia
 RANK STRUCTURE
(Comparison) OLD
Police Commissioned Officers AFP Commissioned Officers

Director General General

Deputy Director General Lieutenant General
Director Major General
Chief Superintendent Brigadier General
Senior Superintendent Colonel
Superintendent Lieutenant Colonel
Chief Inspector Major
Senior Inspector Captain
Inspector 1st and 2nd Lieutenants
 RANK STRUCTURE
(Comparison) OLD
Police Non-Commissioned Officers AFP Non-Commissioned Officers

Senior Police Officer IV Master Sergeant

Senior Police Officer III Technical Sergeant

Senior Police Officer II Staff Sergeant

Senior Police Officer I Sergeant

Police Officer III Corporal

Police Officer II Private First Class

Police Officer I Private

 Exemptions from taking CSC eligibility
and Napolcom promotional exams:

RA 1080
 (for Bar and PRC Board passers)
RA 6506, as amended.
 (for Licensed Criminologists)
PD 907
 (for baccalaureate degree holders
with honors, e.g. summa cum laude,
magna cum laude, cum laude)
 MANNING LEVEL IN THE PNP IN
RELATION TO POLICE RECRUITMENT

Republic Act 6975 provides that

on the average nationwide, the
manning levels of the PNP shall
be approximately in accordance
with a police-to-population ratio
of 1:500.
 GENERAL QUALIFICATION FOR
APPOINTMENT
To be qualified as officer or member of the
PNP, the following minimum requirements
shall be met: (Under RA 8551)
 A citizen of the Philippines
 A person of good moral character
 Must have passed the psychiatric or
psychological, drug and physical tests to be
administered by the PNP or by any
government hospitals accredited by the
NAPOLCOM for the purpose of determining
physical and mental health.
 GENERAL QUALIFICATION FOR
APPOINTMENT

 Must posses a formal baccalaureate

degree from a recognized institution
for learning.
 Must be eligible in accordance with
the standards set by the NAPOLCOM
(Passed the Police Entrance
Examination, CSC)
 GENERAL QUALIFICATION FOR
APPOINTMENT
 Must not have been dishonorably discharged from
military employment or dismissed for cause from
any civilian position in the government.
 Must not have been convicted by final judgment of
an offense or crime involving moral turpitude.
 Height requirement – Must be at least one meter
and fifty-seven centimeters (1.57 m.) in height for
males and one meter and fifty-two centimeters
(1.52 m.) for females: Provided, That a waiver for
height requirement shall be automatically granted
to applicants belonging to the cultural
communities/indigenous peoples.
 GENERAL QUALIFICATION FOR
APPOINTMENT

 Weight requirement – must not be

more or less than 5 kilograms of the
standard weight corresponding to his
or her height age and sex.
 Age requirement – for new applicant
must not be less than 21 years of age
at the time of application or more than
30 years of age.
 GENERAL QUALIFICATION FOR
APPOINTMENT

 Except for the age qualification, the

above enumerated qualification shall be
continuing in character and an absence
of any of them at any given time shall
be a ground for separation or
retirement from service.
 GENERAL QUALIFICATION FOR
APPOINTMENT

 Provided that PNP members who are

already in the service upon the
affectivity of RA 8551 shall be given
five years to obtain the minimum
educational qualification and one year
to satisfy the weight requirement.
 GENERAL QUALIFICATION FOR
APPOINTMENT

 For the purpose of determining compliance

with the requirements on physical and
mental health, as well as the non-use of
prohibited of regulated drugs, the PNP by
itself or through a government hospital
accredited by the NAPOLCOM shall conduct
regular psychiatric, psychological, drug and
physical test randomly and without notice.
 APPROPRIATE ELIGIBILITIES
The appropriate eligibilities to become a
Patrolman/Patrolwoman was those acquired
from the following:
NAPOLCOM PNP Entrance Examination.
R.A. No. 6506as amended-Licensed
Criminologist.
R.A. No. 1080-Board and Bar Examinations
P.D. No. 907-Honor Students.
Civil Service Eligibilities.
03/14/2024 12:04 PM 142
ONLINE INDIVIDUAL
REPORTING

COMPARE & CONTRAST

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL
POLICE: POLICING
SYSTEM to selected
countries below:
ONLINE INDIVIDUAL
REPORTING
Terms to Ponder:
1. Name of the organization
2. Name of the agency or department
3. Minimum age requirement
4. Maximum age requirement
5. Retirement age
6. Highest rank
7. Lowest rank
8. Minimum educational qualification
9. Notable best practices in dealing with
crime prevention and crime control
10.Similarities in the PNP
 COUNTRIES
1. Japan
2. Malaysia
3. Hongkong
4. Thailand
5. Indonesia
6. East Timor
7. China
8. Singapore
9. Brunei
10.England or London
 COUNTRIES
11. Los Angeles
12.New York
13.Canada
14.Australia
15.Cambodia
16.Germany
17.France
 GLOBAL
POLICE
COOPERATION
BILATERAL AND MULTI-LATERAL COOPERATION
Chapter 4
INTERPOL
 CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
At the end of the chapter, the students are expected
to:
 Define Interpol;
 Trace the history of Interpol;
 Development of Interpol;
 Functions of Interpol;
 Role of Interpol in preventing transnational crimes
and international terrorism;
 Role of Interpol in fighting cybercrimes; and
 Role of Interpol in the concept of criminal
intelligence
 INTERPOL
INTERPOL – International Criminal Police
Organization
It is the world’s largest international police
organization, with 195 member countries.
Created in 1923, it facilitates cross-border
police co-operation, and supports and assists
all organizations, authorities and services
whose mission is to prevent or combat
international crime.
 INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL
POLICE ORGANIZATION-
INTERPOL

03/14/2024 12:04 PM 151

 INTERPOL
o the world’s largest international police
organization.
o Founded in Vienna in 1923 and
reconstituted in 1946.
o facilitates cross-border police
cooperation, and supports and assists all
organizations, authorities and services
whose mission is to prevent or combat
international
03/14/2024 12:04 PM crime. 152
The vision:
"Connecting police for a safer world".
The mission:
"Preventing and fighting crime through
enhanced international police
cooperation".
 All 195 INTERPOL member
countries are connected through a
secure communications system
known as I-24/7. This gives police
real-time access to criminal
databases containing millions of
records. Our unique system of
 Notices are used to alert member
 INTERPOL
INTERPOL – International Criminal Police
Organization
It aims to facilitate international police co-operation
even where diplomatic relations do not exist between
particular countries. Action is taken within the limits
of existing laws in different countries and in the spirit
of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
INTERPOL’s constitution prohibits ‘any intervention or
activities of a political, military, religious or racial
character.
 INTERPOL
INTERPOL – International Criminal Police
Organization
 One of Interpol’s most important
functions is to help
member
countries’ police communicate
critical crime-related information
to one another using Interpol’s
system of international notices.
 INTERPOL
INTERPOL’s Leadership
 The President of INTERPOL and
the Secretary General work closely
together in providing strong
leadership and direction to the
Organization.
 INTERPOL
INTERPOL’s Leadership
The President of the Organization is elected by
the General Assembly for a period of four years.
1. Article 18 of the Constitution requires that the
President preside at meetings of the General Assembly
and the Executive Committee and direct the
discussions;
2. Ensure that the activities of the Organization are in
conformity with the decisions of the General Assembly
and the Executive Committee; and
3. Maintain, as far as possible, direct and constant contact
with the Secretary General of the Organization.
 INTERPOL

INTERPOL PRESIDENT
AHMED NASSER AL RAISI
INTERPOL's current President is Kim Jong Yang,
who was elected at the 87th General Assembly in
Dubai in November 2018. Mr. Kim will serve
as President until 2020, completing the four-year
mandate of his predecessor Mr. Meng, who
resigned in 2018.
Who was the first president of Interpol
when it was constituted in 1923?
Johan Schober
1923-1932
***When Interpol is
still called an ICPC
orInternational
Criminal Police
Commission, the
precursor to
INTERPOL.
 INTERPOL

INTERPOL 1st FILIPINO

PRESIDENT
JOLLY R. BUGARIN
1980-1984
Philippines
 INTERPOL
INTERPOL SECRETARY
GENERAL
JÜRGEN STOCK
The Secretary General is the
Organization's chief full-time
official. The current Secretary
General is Jürgen Stock.
 INTERPOL
INTERPOL’S STRUCTURE
As defined in Article 5 of its Constitution,
INTERPOL (whose correct full name is 'The
International Criminal Police Organization –
INTERPOL’) comprises the following:
1. General Assembly
2. Executive Committee
3. General Secretariat
4. National Central Bureaus
5. Advisers
6. The Commission for the Control of INTERPOL’s Files
INTERPOL

*The General Assembly and the

Executive Committee form the
organization’s Governance.
 INTERPOL’S STRUCTURE

03/14/2024 12:04 PM 165

 INTERPOL STRUCTURE
 General Assembly
INTERPOL’s supreme governing body, it
meets annually and comprises delegates
appointed by each member country. The
assembly takes all important decisions
related to policy, resources, working
methods, finances, activities and
programs.
Decisions related to Interpol’s policy,
resources, working methods, finances,
activities and programs are undertaken
by the
a. National central Bureaus
b. General Assembly
c. General Secretariat
d. Executive Committee
 INTERPOL STRUCTURE
 Executive Committee
this 13-member committee is
elected by the General Assembly,
and comprises the president,
three vice-presidents and nine
delegates covering the four
regions.
 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

INTERPOL’s select deliberative

organ.
It comprises:
A. President,
B. 3 Vice-Presidents and
C. 9 delegates.
03/14/2024 12:04 PM 169
 INTERPOL STRUCTURE
 General Secretariat
Located in Lyon, France, the General
Secretariat operates 24 hours a day, 365
days a year and is run by the Secretary
General. Officials from more than 80
countries work side-by-side in any of the
Organization’s four official languages:
Arabic, English, French and Spanish.
 INTERPOL STRUCTURE
 National Central Bureaus (NCB)
Each INTERPOL member country maintains a
National Central Bureau staffed by national law
enforcement officers. The NCB is the
designated contact point for the General
Secretariat, regional offices and other member
countries requiring assistance with overseas
investigations and the location and
apprehension of fugitives.
 What is the designated contact point for
the General Secretariat for all INTERPOL
Operations, regional offices and other
member countries requiring assistance
with overseas investigations and the
location and apprehension of fugitives?
A. National Central Bureau
B. General Secretariat
C. General Assembly
D. Executive Committee
 What National Law Enforcement
Body houses the INTERPOL-NCB in
the Philippines?

PHILIPPINE CENTER ON
TRANSNATIONAL CRIME

By virtue of E.O. 62
 GENERAL SECRETARIAT

Located in Lyon, France, the General Secretariat

operates 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.

03/14/2024 12:04 PM 174

National Central Bureaus (NCBs) –
Each INTERPOL member country
maintains a National Central Bureau
linking national police with our global
network. Staffed by highly trained national
law enforcement officers, NCBs are the
lifeblood of INTERPOL, contributing to our
criminal databases and cooperating
together on cross-border investigations,
operations and arrests.
 INTERPOL STRUCTURE
 Advisers
These are experts in a purely
advisory capacity, who may be
appointed by the Executive
Committee and confirmed by the
General Assembly.
 INTERPOL STRUCTURE
 Commission
for the Control of INTERPOL’s Files (CCF)
This is an independent body whose mandate is
threefold: (1) to ensure that the processing of
personal information by INTERPOL complies with
the Organization's regulations, (2) to advise
INTERPOL on any project, operation, set of rules or
other matter involving the processing of personal
information and (3) to process requests concerning
the information contained in INTERPOL's files.
 INTERPOL
INTERNATIONAL NOTICE
Is a document used to help the
world’s law enforcement community
exchange information about missing
persons, unidentified bodies,
persons who are wanted for
committing serious crimes, and
criminal ‘ modus operandi’.
INTERPOL
INTERNATIONAL NOTICE
Red Notice :
used to seek
arrest and
extradition of
subjects wanted
and based upon an
arrest warrant
INTERPOL
INTERNATIONAL NOTICE
Blue Notice : used to
seek information about
people regarding their
identity or illegal
activities related to a
criminal matter
(tracing and locating
offenders)
INTERPOL
INTERNATIONAL NOTICE
Green Notice : used to
provide warnings and
criminal intelligence
about persons who
have committed
criminal offenses and
are likely to repeat
these crimes
INTERPOL
INTERNATIONAL NOTICE
Yellow Notice : used
to help locate
missing persons or
help identify persons
who are not able to
identify themselves
(ex. amnesia)
INTERPOL
INTERNATIONAL NOTICE
Black Notice : used
to seek the true
identity of
deceased persons
INTERPOL
INTERNATIONAL NOTICE
Orange Notice : used to
warn police, public
entities and other
international
organizations about
potential threats from
disguised weapons,
parcel bombs and other
dangerous materials.
INTERPOL
INTERNATIONAL NOTICE
Purple Notice :
Modus operandi
 Chapter 5
ASEANAPOL
 CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
At the end of the chapter, the students
are expected to:
 Discuss the objectives of
ASEANAPOL and its role in regional
cooperation; and
 Discuss the role of ASENAPOL in
attaining peace and order among
members of ASEAN.
ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST
ASIAN NATIONS
ASEANAPOL is the National Police
organization for the Association of
Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
 ASEANAPOL
VISION
"TOGETHER WE KEEP THIS REGION SAFE “

MISSION
"PREVENTING AND COMBATING
TRANSNATIONAL CRIME THROUGH A
GREATER NEXUS AND CREATIVE POLICING
COLLABORATION "
 ASEANAPOL
OBJECTIVES OF ASEANAPOL
1. Enhance police professionalism
2. Forge stronger regional
cooperation in policing
3. Promote lasting friendship
amongst police officers of member
countries
 HISTORY OF
ASEANAPOL
 The first formal meeting of the Chiefs of ASEAN
Police was held in Manila, Philippines on the 21 to
23 October 1981.
 To discuss matters of law enforcement and crime
control.
 This annual meeting was called ASEANAPOL
Conference.
 The basic requirement for a country to become a
member of ASEANAPOL is that the country shall
first be a member of ASEAN and the application
shall be tabled at the conference for approval.
 HISTORY OF
ASEANAPOL
The members of ASEANAPOL were
originally Malaysia, Singapore,
Thailand, Indonesia and the
Philippines.
1984, Royal Brunei Police joined the
conference for the 1st time.
1996, The Republic of Vietnam National
Police joined the conference
 HISTORY OF
ASEANAPOL
 1998, Laos General Department of Police
and Myanmar police force joined the
conference
 2000, Cambodia National Police joined the
conference
 The current members of ASEANAPOL are
Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People
Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar,
The Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and
Vietnam.
 ASEANAPOL CONFERENCE

 The Conference shall be held

annually on a rotational basis
amongst member countries.
 The Conference will be attended by
the Chiefs of Police.
 The first ASEANAPOL CONFERENCE was
held in Manila, Philippines on the October 21
to 23 1981.
 CHAPTER 6

UNITED NATIONS AS
PEACEKEEPING FORCE
 CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
At the end of this chapter, the
students are expected to:
 Explain the mandates of the United
Nations in developing international
cooperation, peace, and security.
UNITED
NATIONS
RANULFO T. BAYAG-0 LC, CCS “HE WHO DESPISES KNOWLEDGE DESTROYS THE REASON FOR HAVING IT”

It was founded in 1945 after World

War II to stop wars between
countries, and to provide a
platform for dialogue to achieve
world peace.

A. League of Nations
B. Global Peace association
C. United Nations
D.International Community
 United Nations
 An international organization whose stated aims
are facilitating cooperation in international law,
international security, economic development,
social progress, human rights, and achievement
of world peace.
 It was founded in October 24, 1945 after World
War II to replace the League of Nations, to stop
wars between countries, and to provide a
platform for dialogue.
 Goal : Peace and Order in the world
 United Nations
Purpose and Principle
A. To maintain international peace and
security
B. To develop friendly relations among
nations
C. To achieve international co-operation in
solving international problems
(economic, social, cultural or
humanitarian character)
RANULFO T. BAYAG-0 LC, CCS “HE WHO DESPISES KNOWLEDGE DESTROYS THE REASON FOR HAVING IT”

At present, United Nations is the largest

organization of countries whose stated
aims are facilitating cooperation in
international law, international
security, economic development, social
progress, human rights, and
achievement of world peace. Are there
how many member countries of the
UN?
A. 193
B. 185
C. 203
D. 195
The United Nations Headquarters
resides in international territory in
New York City, with further main
offices at Geneva, Nairobi, and
Vienna. Composed of 193 member
states.
 Difference Between the Official
Languages of Interpol and
United Nations

INTERPOL UNITED NATIONS

1.Arabic 1. Arabic
2. English 2. English
3. French 3. French
4. Spanish 4. Spanish
5. Chinese
6. Russian
 LEADER

António Guterres, the

ninth Secretary-
General of the
United Nations, took
office on 1st January
2017.
PRINCIPAL ORGANS
OF UN
 PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF UN

 UN General Assembly
 UN Security Council
 International Court of Justice
 Secretariat
 Economic and Social Council
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
General Assembly – main decision
making and representative assembly in
the UN through its policies and
recommendations
• Headed by a president elected from
the members of state.
SECURITY COUNCIL
 UN Security Council
It is charged with maintenance of peace and
security among countries.
The decisions of the Council are known as
United Nations Security Council resolutions.

Functions of UN Security Council

Prevention Action – involve the deployment of
Peace keeping and observer
Enforcement Action – deployment and air, sea
and land forces.
 SECRETARIAT

Located in New York City

 SECRETARIAT
Headed by the Secretary-General, assisted
by a staff of international civil servants
worldwide.
It provides studies, information, and
facilities needed by United Nations bodies
for their meetings. It also carries out tasks
as directed by the UN Security Council, the
UN General Assembly, the UN Economic and
Social Council, and other UN bodies.
António
Guterres is the
current Secret
ary-
General of the
United
Nations.
INTERNATIONAL COURT
OF JUSTICE

Hague Netherlands
 The International Court of Justice
(ICJ)

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the

primary judicial organ of the United Nations.
Established in 1945 by the United Nations
Charter, the Court began work in 1946 as the
successor to the Permanent Court of
International Justice.
International Court of Justice – located in
the Hague, Netherlands. This branch is
responsible for the judicial matters of UN.
ECONOMIC AND
SOCIAL COUNCIL
 Economic and Social Council
 The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
assists the General Assembly in promoting
international economic and social cooperation
and development.
 ECOSOC has 54 members, all of which are
elected by the General Assembly for a three-year
term.
 The president is elected for a one-year term and
chosen amongst the small or middle powers
represented on ECOSOC. ECOSOC meets once a
year in July for a four-week session.
Qualifications of UN
Peacekeepers
 UN peacekeepers: Requirements
 Be a citizen of the country he/she representing
 Be a serving officer between age of 25 and 55 with at least 5
years commissioned years
 Previous filed/troop experience
 Training in light or medium weapons.
 Proficient in the working language on the mission
 Proficient in land navigation and the use of GPS
 Proficient in the first aid
 Proficient in driving 4 x 4 vehicles
 Basic vehicle and dismounted protecting skills
 Physically and mentally pit for strenuous operations and long
hours of difficult living conditions
 APPROVING AUTHORITIES

Chief PNP – when the tour of duty is not

more than 1 year; and
Chairman, Civil Service Commission
– when the tour of duty is more than 1
year but not exceed to the maximum
period of 3 years except as otherwise,
provided by law or as required under
bilateral/ multilateral agree.
 Language Knowledge
English and French are the
working languages of the United
Nations Secretariat. Fluency in
English or French is required,
knowledge of additional official UN
languages (Arabic, Chinese, English,
French, Russian, Spanish) is an
advantage.
 PARTICIPATION OF PNP
PERSONNEL IN U.N.
PEACEKEEPING MISSION
 Priority for Deployment
 1st priority – PNP personnel who passed the
UNSAT Examination but without UN mission
deployment
UNSAT Examination – is an examination to
determine competencies of PNP personnel
candidates on English communication, vehicle
driving and firearms proficiency
 2nd Priority – PNP personnel who passed the
UNSAT but with previous UN mission
deployment
 UN Special Action
Team (UNSAT)

Note:
Peacekeepers is also known as “ ____”
-They are called the “UN Police”
- Come from the different member
countries
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 AGE REQUIREMENT
must not be less than 25 years old
or more than 53 years old upon actual
deployment.

 RANK REQUIREMENT
 For Police Commissioned Officers (PCOs):
- PSINSP
For Police Non-commissioned Officers
(PNCOs):
- PO3
All applicants must have been appointed in permanent
status in their respective present ranks.
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 SERVICE REQUIREMENT
minimum of 5 years of active police
service (excluding cadetship, officer
orientation/trainee course, and police
basic course)
 PHYSICAL REQUIREMENT
passed the latest Physical Fitness
Test (PFT) conducted by the PNP
DHRDD, as well as medical, dental, and
neuropsychiatric examinations.
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 SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED
Computer Literacy Requirement
Driving Proficiency Requirement

 UNIT RECOMMENDATION
REQUIREMENT
must be recommended by Unit
Commanders (Command Group or
Directors of their respective Directorial
Staff, National Support Units, or Police
Regional Offices).
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 OTHER REQUIREMENTS
1. musthold a Performance Evaluation Rating (PER)
with a minimum Very Satisfactory evaluation for two (2)
consecutive rating semesters

2. must not have been repatriated from any previous

UN mission for disciplinary reasons.

3. must not have been convicted of any administrative

or criminal offense; have no pending
administrative/criminal cases in any body/tribunal/court.

4. No applicant should be a witness to any

administrative/criminal case, especially those covered by
Republic Act 9165, or a summary hearing officer with
unresolved cases.
END