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Tropical Cyclone 101

Meteorology is the study of atmospheric phenomena, especially weather. It examines the atmosphere and how it interacts with the Earth. Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions in a place, while climate describes weather patterns over a long period of time. Tropical cyclones, like typhoons, form over warm ocean waters and are characterized by low pressure, strong winds, and heavy rain. Proper precautions should be taken before, during, and after a typhoon makes landfall to stay safe.

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53 views

Tropical Cyclone 101

Meteorology is the study of atmospheric phenomena, especially weather. It examines the atmosphere and how it interacts with the Earth. Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions in a place, while climate describes weather patterns over a long period of time. Tropical cyclones, like typhoons, form over warm ocean waters and are characterized by low pressure, strong winds, and heavy rain. Proper precautions should be taken before, during, and after a typhoon makes landfall to stay safe.

Uploaded by

Maricon R. Rollan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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METEOROLOGY

The word "meteorology" is derived from the Greek words “metéōros” lofty;
high (in the sky) and “logia” logy (the study of ), i.e. "the study of things
in the air".

- Science that deals with the study of the atmosphere and its phenomena
especially the weather.

The Atmosphere is the layer of gases surrounding the Earth that is held in place
by Earth's gravity.
WEATHER
- the condition of the atmosphere at a particular place
over a short period of time…

in terms of…
CLIMATE
- refers to the weather pattern of a place over a long
period of time.
TROPICAL CYCLONE
 An average of 20 TROPICAL
CYCLONES enter the Philippine Area
of Responsibility (PAR).

 Only 10 cross or affect the country.

*Based from PAGASA’s 1948-2010 mean.


Tropical Cyclone (TC)
- an intense circulating weather system over
tropical seas and oceans, and is characterized by low
atmospheric pressure, strong winds and heavy rains.

Winds around a TC rotate Counter-clockwise in the Northern


Hemisphere and Clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
Conditions for a Tropical Cyclone to form:

1. Warm sea surface temperature (sst) of at least 26.5 °C


with a depth of 150 ft and high moisture present in the
air. The heat from the sea is the main energy source for
TCs.

2. Presence of ITCZ.

3. Existence of LPA or Tropical Disturbance.

4. Weak vertical wind shear or light winds in the upper


troposphere.

5. Must be at least 5˚N or 5˚S of the Equator.


The Full Life Cycle of Super Typhoon HAIYAN (Yolanda):
November 3 - 11, 2013
Maximum Sustained Winds / Gusts: 315 kph /
380 kph
Average Speed: 34 kph (West to West-
Northwest)
TROPICAL CYCLONE
and
IT’S
CATEGORIES
TROPICAL CYCLONE

• is an intense circulating weather


system over tropical seas and
ocean. It is characterized by low
atmospheric pressure, strong
winds, and heavy rains.
CATEGORIES OF
TROPICAL
CYCLONE
TROPICAL DEPRESSION

Maximum
Sustained
Winds
Range:
Less
than 61
kph.
TROPICAL STORM
Maximum
Sustained
Winds Range:
62 to 88
kph

Haiyan (Yolanda)
shown here as a
developing TS.
SEVERE TROPICAL STORM

Maximum
Sustained
Winds Range:
89-117
kph.
TYPHOON
Maximum
Sustained
Winds Range:
118 to 220
kph
SUPER TYPHOON
Maximum
Sustained
Winds Range:
Greater
than 200
kph.

Haiyan (Yolanda) as
a Super Typhoon,
24 hours before it
Parts of Typhoon
TYPHOON
(TY)
• is a tropical cyclone that
develops in the north-
western part of the Pacific
Ocean.
1.
2.

4.
3.
Parts of Typhoon
Outer Rainbands
Eye (<62 kph)

Eyewall
Inner Rainbands (>118 kph)
(62-117 kph)
Outer rainbands
• Severe Thunderstorms
• Light to Moderate On and Off Rainfall
with winds not exceeding 62 kph
occurring occasionally.
Inner rainbands

• Moderate to Heavy Rainfall


with increasing winds of 63 to
117 kph occurring frequently.
Eyewall
• Heavy to Extreme Rainfall
with violent winds of greater
than 118 kph occurring
intermittently or continuously.
Eye
• The calm part of a Typhoon, with
sometimes light winds of up to 20 kph.

• Lowest Atmospheric Pressure.

• The Sky may be Cloudy or Clear.

• Average “eye” diameter is about 30 km


across.
Typhoon Hazards
STORM SURGE – are ocean waves being pushed
towards the shore by the force of the winds and the
intense low pressure of the storm.

A Super Typhoon can generate storm surge


of a height of more than 20 feet (6 meters).
Storm Surge at Shallow Coastline or Beach-Front Areas
Storm Surge at Steep Coastline
A fast-moving, strong typhoon like Haiyan
(Yolanda) which moved 28 to 42 kph can
generate a sudden and devastating (Tsunami-
like waves) storm surge called as
METEOTSUNAMIS .
MeteoTsunami on STY Haiyan
Storm Surge Damage
 STRONG / HIGH WINDS – Typhoons
with winds of more than 185 km/hr are
considered catastrophic, capable of
destroying even concrete homes or buildings
if exposed.
 EXTREME RAINFALL / FLOODING – Intense
rainfall can result in all kinds of flooding and can be
devastating especially if brought about by a Super
Typhoon, when an affected location is within the
typhoon’s most intense rain clouds. The most number
of deaths during a tropical cyclone event are attributed
to this type of hazard.

Intense rainfall of past notable typhoons were located mostly on the


southern portion of the “Eyewall” particularly during the months of
October thru December – with 24-hour rainfall amount of more than 300
mm.
Eyewall Mesovortices – these are also known as
“miniswirls” or micro tornadoes found within the
eyewall of an intense typhoon. These small
twisters can reach winds of more than the existing
horizontal wind speeds of the typhoon.

Example: If existing typhoon wind speeds are 240 kph over a specific
location, Mesovortices can double it to 440-600 kph – capable of
uprooting trees and carrying weak houses a few meters off the ground.
 Lahars/Mudflows or Landslides – these hazards
are common along steep slopes and low-lying areas
of active volcanoes and mountains.

Intense Typhoons can release about 250 to more than 500 mm


of rain accumulation for 24-48 hours. That’s 1 to 2 month’s
average rainfall for a specific Philippine location.
Frequency of TCs in the Philippines

1. NORTHERN LUZON: 32% (Very Frequent)


2. BATANES GROUP: 25% (Very Frequent)
3. SOUTHERN BICOL, MINDORO, MASBATE, NORTHERN PANAY,
SAMAR & NORTHERN LEYTE: 19% (Frequent)
4. CENTRAL LUZON, NORTHERN BICOL, SOUTHERN TAGALOG
PROVINCES & NCR: 16% (Frequent)
5. PALAWAN, SOUTHERN PANAY, NEGROS, CEBU, BOHOL,
NORTHERN MINDANAO & SOUTHERN LEYTE: 7% (Less Frequent)

6. CENTRAL & SOUTHERN MINDANAO: 1% (Rare)


Typhoon Tracking

• To track a typhoon, one must have a Tracking


Chart to plot its location and to know when
and where it is going to strike.
GUESS WHAT???
Before the typhoon
During the typhoon
After the typhoon
During the typhoon
Before the typhoon
After the typhoon
I AM READY!!!!
“PRECAUTIONARY
MEASURES BEFORE,
DURING AND AFTER
THE TYPHOON”
Before the typhoon:
• Ready the emergency supply kit which includes
adequate food supply such as rice, canned goods and
other ready to eat foods, clean drinking water, battery-
operated flashlight and radio, candles, matches, and
extra batteries.
• Prepare the first aid kit.
• Monitor news about the typhoon on television or radio.
• Help clean the community drainage system and canals
to prevent flood.
During the typhoon:

• Stay calm and alert.


• Stay indoors.
• Monitor weather reports.
• When local authorities advise
you to evacuate, do so.
After the typhoon:
• Continue to monitor news on radios or
television.
• Inspect electrical wiring before using electrical
appliances.
• Boil water before drinking it to avoid getting
sick.
• Clean and clear everything damaged by the
typhoon.
• Stay in a safe place.
EVALUATION
7.
4.

5.
6.

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