Drug Scenario in the

Philippines
What is drugs?
drugs are substances that change a
person’s mental or physical state
are any substances or chemicals which
when taken into the body either
through nasal, oral, transdermal or
intravenous ways have psychological,
emotional and behavioral effects of a
person.
Classification of drugs-
how and why drugs are
used and abused?
What are drug
classifications?
Classifying drugs by chemical
similarities is useful because drugs that
are chemically similar have similar
impacts and risks. An individual who is
addicted to a given drug is more likely to
abuse chemically similar drugs. Also, the
same treatment is often effective for
chemically similar drugs.
Drug classifications
based on chemical
makeup
ALCOHOL
*most widely abused substance across most
of the world
*alcohol creates a feelings of euphoria and
lowers inhibitions, but it also severly impairs judgement,
perception, and reaction times
*alcohol is a central nervous system depressants, but it
causes the most sever long term damage to liver.
*beer, wine, liquor
EXAMPLES OF ALCOHOL:
beer, Liquor wine
Opioids
*also called opiates
*opioids works in the
brain to produce a variety of effects, including
pain relief
* opioids are some of the most addictive of all
known substances and they are also some of the
deadliest
Some of the most well known opioids
include:
*heroin (euphoric effects)

*fentanyl (pain management for

cancer patients and those
recovering from painful surgeries)

*oxycodone ( used medically

treatment of moderate to severe
pain)
 Benzodiazephine
*are depressants that produced sedation
and hypnosis, relieve anxiety and muscles
spasms and reduced seizures
*benzos are prescribed to treat a wide variety of psychiatric
and sleep conditions but they are commonly abused
*ativan and valium ( treat anxiety and trouble sleeping)
*xanax ( commonly used in management of anxiety
disorders and panic disorders)
ATIVAN VALIUM XANAX
Cannabinoids
*Cannabinoids creates a feeling of
elation, known as a high, but also
negatively impact mental and physical functioning
*most widely abused drugs after alcohol, and they
are increasingly gaining legal acceptance
*marijuana “mary jane”
*haslish “hash”
Marijuana “mary jane”
haslish “hash”
Barbiturates
*were historically popular for the treatment of psychiatric
and sleep disorders.
*they are still used for anesthesia and treatment of
epilepsy or headaches
*barbiturates are medications that cause you to relax or
feel downsy
*amytal ( anti anxiety medication) luminal and
phenobarbital ( helps to control certain kinds of seizures )
Amytal. luminal phenobarbital
Drug classifications
based on effect
Depressants
*Commonly referred to as “downers”
*depressants are not only some of the most
highly addictive drugs, but they are also some
of the most highly dangerous and likely to
cause overdose
*alchol, opiates, barbiturates
Stimulants
*Also known as “uppers”
*primary use to increase energy, concentratation, and wakefulness
*stimulants in short term
*stimulants in long term
* adderall ( use to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-
ADHD)
*cocaine ( mainly used as a recreational drug)
*meth ( used as a recreational drug)
Adderall cocaine meth
 Hallucinogens
* alters the users perception of reality
*although hallucinogens are generally less addictive than other drug
classifications, their immediate impacts are generally more severe and
dangerous
*lsd ( manifest primarily mental, visual, and auditory hallucinations)
*psilocybin mushrooms ( can cause hallucinations)
*pcp (mainly used reacreationally for mind altering substances)
Lsd psilocybin mushrooms Pcp
Inhalants
*vast range of chemicals that are ingested primarily by breathing
them in or huffing
*most inhalants are commonly used materials that are in no way
designed to be ingested by humans
*the use of inhalants is incredibly dangerous and causes many
serious health effects
*paint thinner
*nail polish remover
*gasoline
paint thinner nail polish remover gasoline
CONCEPTS OF
DRUG EDUCATION
DRUGS
Are any substances or chemicals which
when taken into the body either though
nasal, oral, transdermal or intravenous way
have psychological, emotional and
behavioral effects on a person.
DRUGS OF ABUSE
Are drugs commonly abused by
users.
DRUG DEPENDENCE
A cluster of physiological, behavioral
and cognitive phenomena of variable
intensity in which the use of a drug
takes on a high priority thereby
creating a strong desire to take the
substance.
DRUG MISUSE
The use of a substance incoherent
or inconsistent with the prescribed
dosage or frequency of use.
DRUG ABUSE
The use of a substance for non-medical
purposes. Abuse leads to organ damage
like brain damage and liver damage,
addiction and troubled behavioral
patterns.
DRUG TOLERANCE
Is the condition of the body to adapt to the
effects of substances to the body thus
requiring an even larger amount of the
substance to the body thus requiring an even
larger amount of the substance to experience
the same physiological and mental effect
experienced when taking the smaller dosage.
LEGAL DRUGS
LEGAL DRUGS

approved by the government for medical or
recreational use, are crucial for informed
health decisions, responsible use, risk
reduction, healthcare guidance, and
addressing addiction, misuse, and public
health issues.
Legal drugs offer pain relief, illness
treatment, and social benefits, but
misuse can lead to addiction, health
issues, and social problems, making a
balance between access and safety
crucial for society.
COMMONLY
ABUSED DRUGS
Commonly abused drugs
Refer to substances that are frequently
misused or used in ways other than
prescribed or intended, leading to
negative consequences for the
individual’s health, well-being, and/or
social functioning.
Alcohol: Alcohol is a depressant that affects coordination,
judgment, and can lead to addiction
 Cocaine- typically comes in the form of a white powder,
which can be snorted, smoked, or dissolved and injected.
 Narcotics refer to a class of drugs that act on the central
nervous system to produce pain relief and induce drowsiness
or euphoria. They include both legal medications, such as
prescription opioids used for pain management, and illegal
substances like heroin.
Tobacco- refers to plants in the genus Nicotiana,
specifically Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana rustica,
which are cultivated for their leaves. These leaves contain
nicotine, an addictive stimulant, and are typically dried
and processed for use in various tobacco products,
including cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco, chewing
tobacco, and snuff.
 Inhalants- are substances that produce chemical vapors
when they are inhaled.
 Prescription drugs – are medications that can only be
obtained with a prescription from a licensed healthcare
provider, such as a doctor or nurse practitioner
 Ecstasy- typically comes in tablet or capsule form
and is commonly associated with its use in social
settings like parties and clubs.
 Marijuana: Marijuana is a psychoactive drug
that can alter perception, mood, and cognition.
Risk and Protective
Factors of using drugs
The use, misuse, and abuse of drugs are
the result of various factors surrounding
a person.
- These factors either increase or
decrease the possibility of a person to
use drugs.
Risk Factors are those influences which
increase the chances of using, misusing,
and abusing drugs.
Protective factors are those influences
which decrease the chances of using,
misusing, and abusing drugs.
These factors are composed of influences in
different domains of life
- Personal
- Family
- Peer and friends
- School
- Community
Personal
(Early Aggressive Behavior vs. Self Control)
-Risk Factors
-Use of drugs at an early age
-Feeling of Isolation
 Poor social skills and interaction
 Protective Factors
- Self-control behavior
- Sense of belongingness
- Positive interaction with people
Family
(Weak parental guidance vs. Strong parental
guidance)
Risk Factors
- Poor family ties
- Poor parenting
 Protective Factors
- Positive family relationship
- Good communication with people
Peers and Friends
(Substance abuse vs. Academic Excellence)
Risk Factors
- Association with peers and friends known to
gateway drugs (cigarettes and alcohols)
- Preference to stay with friends that their
families

Protective Factors
- Association of friends that doesn’t use gateway
drugs
School
(Availability of drugs vs. Strong anti-drug
policies)
Risk Factors
- Poor academic performance
- Lack of commitment to studies
- Involvement in fights and conflicts

Protective Factors
- Shows interests in attending classes

Short and Long term effects of substance
use and abuse
SHORT TERM EFFECTS
 Short-term effects of drug abuse include getting
hangovers, withdrawals, feeling a crash, anxiety, panic
attacks, being paranoid, hallucinating, being paranoid,
getting very irritable, becoming very sad or depressed
and many other short term effects as well.
LONG TERM EFFECTS
 Long-term effects of drug abuse that you should
be aware of include major depression, early-
onset Alzheimer’s, schizophrenia, hallucinating,
being paranoid, having stomach issues, and
much more. These long-term effects of drug
abuse are dangerous to the body and the mind.
MEDICINAL USE OF
NARCOTICS
Codeine-is an opioid reliever used to treat mild to moderately severe.
 Fentanyl–is an synthetic opioid, approved for treating severe pain, typically
advanced cancer pain.
 Hydromorphone- is used for the Short term relief of severe pain, where other
pain medicines have been ineffective or cannot be used.
 Oxycodone- is used to relieve pain severe enough to require opioid treatment
and when other pain medicine did not work well enough or cannot be
tolerated.
 Meperidine- Injection is used to relieve moderate to severe pain. It may use
before or during surgery, or to relieve pain during labor or delivery.
 Morphine- is used to relieve severe pain, such as pain caused by a major
trauma or surgery, labour pain in childbirth or cancer pain.
 Tramadol- Is a strong pain medication used to treat moderate to serve pain
that is not being relieved by others types of pain medicines.
Common Side effects of Narcotics

 Narcotics can make you sleepy and confused.

 When you are taking narcotics, do not drink
alcohol, use street drugs, or drive or operate
heavy machinery. These medicines can make
your skin feel itchy.
Prevention and
Control of Substance
Use and Abuse
What is prevention?
-It is the best way for people like you to
avoid the use andabuse of drugs.
-People should understand the different
protective factors and risk factor.
Factors you need to fight drug use and
abuse:
Loving and caring family
Involvement in sports
Positive outlook in life
Positive self-image
Caring and supportive friends
A sense of worthiness and achievement
Always having the right attitude
Ability to cope with stress and depression
 Having responsible adult role etc….
Decision Making-skills
 Step 1: Decision describe the situation you are in
 Step 2: List the possible actions for the situation
 Step 3: Share your list with responsible adults
 Step 4: Carefully evaluate all possible actions
 Step5: Choose which action is most responsible and
suitable
 Step 6: Act responsibly and intelligent
Resistance Skills
Step 1: What is the problem?
Say what is wrong
Step 2: What could happen?
Could anyone be harmed if I do it (including you)? How?
Could it get you into trouble? What trouble?
Would it make you feel bad if you do it?
Step 3: What are the ways to say NO?
Say NO.
Change the topic
Drug Abuse Treatment and Rehabilitation

The Dangerous Drugs Board in cooperation with

theDepartment of Health offers treatment and
rehabilitationprograms to Filipinos who become ill
because of drug abuse.
 Drug dependents undergo effective modes of
treatement.
Steps on Drug Abuse Treatment and
Rehabilitation
Drug abuse treatment and rehabilitation follows certainsteps and procedures.
•“Voluntary” means the drug dependent decides on his/her
own to be examined and admitted in rehabilitationcenters.
•“Voluntary thru representations” means the drug
dependent is willing but wants to be represented by animmediate family
member or legal guardian
•“Compulsory confinement” means the drug dependent
 needs to be confined as the condition is life-threatening orthreatens the
life of the family.
Mode of Treatment
Electic Approach
This approach uses a holistic approach in the treatmentprocess
Spiritual Approach
This approach uses Bible teaching as a source of inspiration to
change drug dependent.
Therapeutic Community Approach
This approach views drug addiction as manifistation of a more
complexpyschological problem.
Hazelden-Minnesotta Model
 This model views any form of addiction as a diseases that it is
aninvoluntary condition caused by various factors outside an
Myth, Misconception
about Drugs
Myth: You can stop using drugs anytime.
Myth: If you only buy drugs from friends, you’ll get the pure
stuff.
Myth: Teenagers are too young to get addicted.
Myth: If you’re pregnant and use drugs, your body protects the
baby.
Myth: As soon as a person feels normal, all the drug is out of the
body.
Myth: If you get drunk, coffee will sober you up.
Myth: Cocaine is only addictive if you inject it.
Myth: Snuff and chewing tobacco are safe because there’s no
Profile of Drug
Abuse
 The profile of drug abuse can vary widely depending on
factors such as geographical location, socioeconomic status,
age, and cultural influences. However, there are some common
patterns and characteristics often associated with drug abuse:

 Demographics: Drug abuse can affect individuals of any age,

gender, race, or socioeconomic background. However, certain
demographic groups may be more vulnerable due to factors
such as poverty, lack of education, unemployment, or exposure
to trauma.
Risk Factors: There are various risk factors associated with drug
abuse, including a family history of substance abuse, peer
pressure, early exposure to drugs, mental health disorders, trauma
or abuse, and genetic predisposition.
 Types of Drugs: Drug abuse can involve a wide range of
substances, including alcohol, tobacco, prescription
medications (such as opioids, stimulants, and
benzodiazepines), marijuana, cocaine, heroin,
methamphetamine, ecstasy, hallucinogens, and synthetic drugs
like synthetic cannabinoids (“spice”) or synthetic cathinones
(“bath salts”).
Motivations: People may abuse drugs for various reasons,
including to experience pleasure or euphoria, alleviate stress
or emotional pain, enhance performance or concentration,
cope with trauma or mental health issues, fit in socially, or
simply out of curiosity.
 Behavioral Signs: Common behavioral signs of drug abuse
may include changes in mood or personality, withdrawal
from social activities, neglect of responsibilities, secrecy
or lying about drug use, sudden financial problems,
engaging in risky behaviors, and legal issues.
Physical Signs: Physical signs of drug abuse can vary depending
on the substance but may include changes in appetite or weight,
bloodshot eyes, dilated or constricted pupils, frequent illness,
unexplained injuries or bruises, poor hygiene, tremors or shaking,
and unusual body odors.
Psychological Signs: Drug abuse can also lead to various
psychological symptoms such as mood swings, irritability,
anxiety, depression, paranoia, hallucinations, confusion, memory
problems, and impaired judgment.
 Social Impacts: Drug abuse can have significant social
consequences, including strained relationships with family and
friends, isolation or social withdrawal, difficulties at work or
school, financial problems, legal issues, and involvement in
criminal activity.
Health Risks: Drug abuse is associated with numerous health
risks, including addiction, overdose, organ damage, infectious
diseases (such as HIV/AIDS or hepatitis), respiratory problems,
cardiovascular complications, neurological disorders, mental
health disorders, and increased risk of accidents or injuries.
 Treatment Options: Effective treatment for drug abuse often
involves a combination of interventions, including
detoxification, counseling (individual and group therapy),
behavioral therapies, medication-assisted treatment (for certain
substances), support groups (such as Alcoholics Anonymous or
Narcotics Anonymous), and holistic approaches addressing
physical, psychological, and social aspects of addiction.