DOCUMENTIN (The Institute of

Electrical and
G Electronics
Engineers (IEEE)

SOURCES Reference Style)

 Learning outcomes

At the end of this lesson, students should Understand and practice writing the
be able to structure of the IEEE citation and
referencing system
CONVENTIONS
OF IN-TEXT
CITATIONS IN
IEEE
Citation Convention
In Text Citation
The major difference between IEEE and other styles is that IEEE style encloses citation
numbers within the text of a paper in square brackets [1] rather than as superscripts1 or in
bracketed form, e.g.

One technical writer seems to think, even though IEEE is not an easy style to learn, it is the
most useful for prospective engineers to embrace [1].
In the IEEE style, reference NUMBERS are used
to replace the names of authors, where possible.

Author-
Name
Substitution
However, there is an exception. If citing a theory,
e.g., one should definitely give the name of the
person to whom the theory is ascribed. (e.g.
Newton, Einstein)
Citation Placement
NUMBERS must be PLACED DIRECTLY
The note

AFTER the reference as opposed to the end of a sentence or clause, unless it would
normally fall there.
Final punctuation should be placed outside of the square brackets, e.g.

One technical writer seems to think, even though IEEE is not an easy style to learn, it is the
most useful for prospective engineers to embrace [1].
• Separate citation numbers with commas but no
spaces. e.g. [3],[5]

• If there is a sequence of three or more citations in a

reference, a single range should be used with a
hyphen to separate the numbers.
Multiple
• e.g. “Similar conclusions were reached by [3],[4], Citations
[5].”

• becomes: “Similar conclusions were reached by [3-

5].”
 Further Example

An intelligent tutor is a form of interactive instructional material that trains a student in how to
perform a procedural task, and that tailors itself to the student’s progress, Koedinger et al. [5].
Intelligent tutors had proven effective in teaching about humanities [6], science [7], Math [8],
Software Engineering [9] and introductory programming concepts, such as loops and lists [10 –
12].
REFERENCING
WITH IEEE
FORMAT
 Date: 1997. "n.d." [for "no date"]

Enter ONLY the year

Reference
convention for If the source gives several dates, use the most
recent one.

Books Book Title: Enter the full title, as given on the

copyright page

Capitalize all words in the title, except for "of,"

"and," "for," "in" etc.
 Reference convention for Books
(Single Author)

First initial and last name

[3] D. Jones, Technical Writing Style, Toronto: Allyn and Bacon, 1998.
 For each author, use initials followed by surname.
List the authors in the order given in the source.
Reference
convention for [1] B. Klaus and P. Horn, Robot Vision.
Press, 1986.
Cambridge, MA: MIT

Books [2] D. Beer, R.F. Martin, and P. Fingle, Photosensory

(Multiple Transduction, New York: Willey, 1993.

authors) *Note that commas go between each name, and also that "and" comes
before the last name in the list.

Adapted from
Referencing convention for
Chapters in Books
[2] L. Stein, “Random patterns,” in Computers and You, J. S. Brake, Ed. New York: Wiley, 1994, pp. 55-70.

[3] R. L. Myer, “Parametric oscillators and nonlinear materials,” in Nonlinear Optics, vol. 4, P. G. Harper and B. S. Wherret,
Eds. San Francisco, CA: Academic, 1977, pp. 47-160.

[6] Westinghouse Electric Corporation (Staff of Technology and Science, Aerospace Div.), Integrated Electronic Systems.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1970.

[7] M. Gorkii, “Optimal design,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, vol. 12, pp. 111-122, 1961 (Transl.: in L. Pontryagin, Ed., The
Mathematical Theory of Optimal Processes. New York: Interscience, 1962, ch. 2, sec. 3, pp. 127-135).

[8] G. O. Young, “Synthetic structure of industrial plastics,” in Plastics, vol. 3, Polymers of Hexadromicon, J. Peters, Ed., 2nd
ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15-64.

Adapted from http://www.ieee.org/documents/ieeecitationref.pdf

• [Citation Number] Author name[s], "article Referencing
title,"journal title , volume number, issue convention for
number, pages, month (abbrv.), publication
year.
Journals
Referencing convention for Journals
 Only include information pertinent to your source. For example,
many professional and academic journals do not have an issue
month. In that case, or when it seems unnecessary, do not include it
in your citation.

Referencing [1] R. E. Kalman, “New results in linear filtering and prediction

convention for theory,” J. Basic Eng., ser. D, vol. 83, pp. 95-108, Mar. 1961.
[2] E. P. Wigner, “On a modification of the Rayleigh–Schrodinger
Journals perturbation theory,” (in German), Math. Naturwiss. Anz. Ungar.
Akad. Wiss., vol. 53, p. 475, 1935.
[3] W. Rafferty, “Ground antennas in NASA’s deep space
telecommunications,” Proc. IEEE vol. 82, pp. 636-640, May 1994.
[4] E. H. Miller, “A note on reflector arrays,” IEEE Trans. Antennas
Propag..., to be published.

Adapted from http://www.ieee.org/documents/ieeecitationref.p

 IEEE Reference System

Organized in two ways:

1. List the items alphabetically by first name of author.

2. List the items in the order they are cited in the text.

17
 In the alphabetical order of the initials

[1] D. P. McAdams, The stories we live by: Personal myths and the making of the self. New York: Guilford Press,
1997.

[2] E. F. Loftus, “Make-Believe Memories”, American Psychologist, vol.58, no. 11, pp. 867–873, 2003.

[3] E. Seymour and N. M. Hewitt, Talking about leaving: Why undergraduates leave the sciences. Boulder, CO:
Westview Press,1997.

[4] K. Charmaz, Constructing grounded theory: a practical guide through qualitative analysis. Los Angeles, CA:
SAGE, 2011.

[5] M. W. Ohland, C. E. Brawner, M. M. Camacho, R. A. Layton, R. A. Long, S. M. Lord, and M. H. Wasburn,

“Race, Gender, and Measures of Success in Engineering Education”, Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 100,
no. 2, pp. 225–252, Apr. 2011.

[6] Olin College, Student Handbook 2013-14, vol. 12. 2013.

 In the order they are cited in the text
[1] E. Seymour and N. M. Hewitt, Talking about leaving: Why undergraduates leave the sciences. Boulder,
CO: Westview Press,1997.

[2] M. W. Ohland, C. E. Brawner, M. M. Camacho, R. A. Layton, R. A. Long, S. M. Lord, and M. H.

Wasburn, “Race, Gender, and Measures of Success in Engineering Education”, Journal of Engineering
Education, vol. 100, no. 2, pp. 225–252, Apr. 2011.

[3] D. P. McAdams, The stories we live by: Personal myths and the making of the self. New York: Guilford
Press, 1997.

[4] Olin College, Student Handbook 2013-14, vol. 12. 2013.

[5] E. F. Loftus, “Make-Believe Memories”, American Psychologist, vol. 58, no. 11, pp. 867–873, 2003.

[6] K. Charmaz, Constructing grounded theory: a practical guide through qualitative analysis. Los Angeles,
CA: SAGE, 2011.
THE
END