Cloud Platform

Module Number: 03

Module Name: Cloud Platform

Cloud Platform

AIM:

To provide students with a good understanding of the benefits and risks of different cloud
platform.

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Cloud Platform

Objectives:

The Objectives of this module are:

• Describe the various cloud platform

• Explain Cloud platform and its components
• Discuss the impact of cloud platform using examples

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Cloud Platform

Outcome:

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

• Outline the various cloud platform

• Discuss cloud platform and its components
• Determine the impact of cloud platform

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Cloud Platform

Contents

1. Introducing Cloud Platforms

2. Evaluating cloud platforms and Cloud Platform technologies
3. Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform
4. Salesforce.com, Impact of Cloud platforms.
5. Private Cloud Platforms ,Microsoft Azure stack, Open stack, AWS Green grass, Impact of Private
clouds.
6. Delivering Business Processes from the Cloud: Business process examples, Broad Approaches to
Migrating into the Cloud
7. The Seven-Step Model of Migration into a Cloud, Efficient Steps for migrating to cloud
8. Risks: Measuring and assessment of risks, Company concerns Risk Mitigation methodology for Cloud
computing, Case Studies. 5
Cloud Platform

We have learnt the basics of cloud computing in

chapter 1. We also learnt various deployment
models that are used.

Now, let us understand the cloud platform and How

we will discuss how we can use this platform and
provide the services to end users.

A cloud platform refers to the operating system and

hardware of a server in an Internet-based data
center

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Types of Cloud Platforms

There are several types of cloud platforms. Not a single one works for everyone. There are several
models, types, and services available to help meet the varying needs of users. They include:

Public Cloud: Public cloud platforms are third-party providers that deliver computing resources
over the Internet. Examples include Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform, Alibaba,
Microsoft Azure, and IBM Bluemix.
Private Cloud: A private cloud platform is exclusive to a single organization. It’s usually in an on-
site data center or hosted by a third-party service provider.
Hybrid Cloud: This is a combination of public and private cloud platforms. Data and applications
move seamlessly between the two. This gives the organization greater flexibility and helps optimize
infrastructure, security, and compliance.

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Evaluating cloud platforms and Cloud Platform technologies

1. Performance and Availability

2. Service level agreements(SLA)
3. Technology Stack and Cost
4. Security and Compliance
5. Support
6. Migration Support, Vendor Lock in & Exit Planning

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Performance and Availability

• When comparing vendors for performance and

availability, ask the following questions:
• What is the average response time/latency? That is,
the amount of time it takes for a site or application
to respond to a user request.
• Does the vendor provide geo load balancing so that
application requests are distributed across cloud
resources in multiple locations?

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Service level agreements(SLA)

• A service-level agreement (SLA) is a contract negotiated between a provider and a

consumer that specifies various parameters and metrics such as cost, service availability,
maintenance schedules, performance levels, service desk response time, and consumer’s
and provider’s responsibilities.
• SLAs must be carefully written before offering to a consumer. SLAs are part of a service
contract: an agreement between the cloud service provider and the cloud service
consumer stating the terms of service usage. A legal contract that must be established with
the consumer before a service can be used. When writing a legal contract, key
considerations include business level policies such as: data privacy, data ownership, data
retention, secure deletion, security, confidentiality, auditing, regulatory requirements,
redundancy, jurisdiction, disruption resolution, compensation for data loss and misuse,
excess usage, availability and performance metrics, payments and penalty methods,
contracted services, a list of services not covered, licensed software, and service
termination.

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Technology Stack and Cost

Cloud providers offer a range of services with varying pricing models. For SaaS-based services, the
cost is typically determined by the period of usage – per user/month basis, the data storage
requirements, advanced features, and additional configurable features. On the other hand, PaaS and
IaaS pricing depend on specific resources consumption.

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Security and Compliance

A major concern for enterprises, when it comes to

cloud adoption, is security and compliance. The
cloud provider’s data and system security policies
must align with your organization’s policies.

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Support

• Support is another parameter that requires careful

consideration. If you need help, will you be able to get it
quickly and simply? In some cases, the only support you
will get is through a chat service or call center. This may or
may not be acceptable to you. In other cases, you may have
access to a dedicated resource, but there’s a good chance
there will be constraints on time and access.

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Migration Support, Vendor Lock in & Exit Planning

Vendor lock-in, is a situation in which a customer using a product or service cannot easily transition to a
competitor. Vendor lock-in is usually the result of proprietary technologies that are incompatible with those of
competitors. However, it can also be caused by inefficient processes, or contract constraints, among other
things.
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AWS(Amazon Web Services)

AWS (Amazon Web Service) is a cloud computing platform that enables users to access
on demand computing services like database storage, virtual cloud server, etc.

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EC2

• EC2 stands for Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud.

• Amazon EC2 is a web service that provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud.
• Amazon EC2 reduces the time required to obtain and boot new user instances to minutes rather
than in older days, if you need a server then you had to put a purchase order, and cabling is done
to get a new server which is a very time-consuming process. Now, Amazon has provided an EC2
which is a virtual machine in the cloud that completely changes the industry.
• You can scale the compute capacity up and down as per the computing requirement changes.
• Amazon EC2 changes the economics of computing by allowing you to pay only for the resources
that you actually use. Rather than you previously buy physical servers, you would look for a
server that has more CPU capacity, RAM capacity and you buy a server over 5 year term, so you
have to plan for 5 years in advance. People spend a lot of capital in such investments. EC2 allows
you to pay for the capacity that you actually use.
• Amazon EC2 provides the developers with the tools to build resilient applications that isolate
themselves from some common scenarios.

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EC2

Login to https://aws.amazon.com/education/awseducate/ and provide your credential to login the account

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EC2

Click Launch virtual machine EC2

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EC2

Configure the virtual machine and launch

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Virtual machine summary

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Connect the virtual machine using git bash

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Connect the virtual machine using git bash

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Microsoft Azure

Microsoft Azure is a cloud computing platform that provides a wide variety of services that we can
use without purchasing and arranging our hardware.
It enables the fast development of solutions and provides the resources to complete tasks that may
not be achievable in an on-premises environment. Azure Services like compute, storage, network,
and application services allow us to put our effort into building great solutions without worrying
about the assembly of physical infrastructure.

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Microsoft Azure

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Microsoft Azure

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Microsoft Azure Services

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Microsoft Azure

Microsoft Azure is a cloud computing platform that provides a wide variety of services that we can
use without purchasing and arranging our hardware.
It enables the fast development of solutions and provides the resources to complete tasks that may
not be achievable in an on-premises environment.
Azure Services like compute, storage, network, and application services allow us to put our effort
into building great solutions without worrying about the assembly of physical infrastructure.

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Google Cloud Platform

• Google Cloud Platform (GCP) is a suite of cloud computing services provided by Google. It is a public
cloud computing platform consisting of a variety of services like compute, storage, networking,
application development, Big Data, and more, which run on the same cloud infrastructure that Google uses
internally for its end-user products, such as Google Search, Photos, Gmail and YouTube, etc.
• The services of GCP can be accessed by software developers, cloud administrators and IT professionals
over the Internet or through a dedicated network connection.

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Google Cloud Platform

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 Google cloud service

Compute Services
Google Cloud Platform provides a scalable range of computing options. It provides highly
customizable virtual machines you can tailor to match your needs and options to deploy your code
directly or via containers.
Google App Engine: The App Engine serves as a platform used for building scalable web
applications.
Google Kubernetes Engine: It is a powerful Cluster Manager and balanced system for running your
Docker containers.

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Networking Services

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 Networking Services

• Cloud Virtual Network: You can connect various GCP resources to each other using the Google-
owned global network, and isolate them from one another by using their Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)
Network.
• Google Cloud Load Balancing: It helps you Scale your applications according to your needs. Balance
your load of Compute machines resources in single or multiple regions, close to your users and to meet
your high availability requirements.
• Cloud CDN (Content Delivery Network): It uses Google’s globally distributed edge caches to
accelerate content delivery for websites and applications served out of Google Compute Engine. Cloud
CDN lowers network latency, offloads origins, and reduces serving costs.
• Google Cloud Interconnect: Cloud Interconnect allows Cloud platform customers to connect to
Google via enterprise-grade connections with higher availability and/or lower latency than their
existing Internet connections.
• Google Cloud DNS: It is a scalable, reliable and managed authoritative Domain Naming System
(DNS) service running on the same infrastructure as Google. It has low latency, high availability and is
a cost-effective way to make your application and services available to your users.

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Storage Services

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Storage Services
Google Cloud Storage: It offers a unified offering across the Google Spectrum. It can handle both
live data as well as Cloud archival solutions.

Cloud SQL: Cloud SQL is a fully-managed database service that makes it easy to Set up, Maintain,
Manage, and Administer your relational MySQL and PostgreSQL databases in the cloud.

Cloud Bigtable: It provides a massively scalable NoSQL database suitable for low-latency and
high-throughput workloads. It integrates easily with popular Big Data tools like Hadoop and Spark
and it supports the open-source, industry-standard HBase API.

Google Cloud Datastore: Cloud Datastore gives you an elastic, highly available document-oriented
database as a service.

Persistent Disk: It is a high-performance block storage service suitable for Virtual Machines and
container storage
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Creating a Free Tier Account on GCP

• Step 1: First, we are required to navigate to the following link: https://cloud.google.com/gcp/

• Step 2: On the next screen, we need to click on 'Get started for free', as shown below:

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Difference between Google Cloud Platform, AWS and Azure

Google Cloud AWS Azure

It uses GCE (Google Compute AWS EC2 offers core compute It uses virtual machines for
Engine) for computing purposes. services. computation purposes.

It uses Google Cloud Storage for It uses Amazon S3 for storing the It uses a storage block bob that
storage purposes. data. comprises blocks for storing the
data.
It offers the lowest price to the AWS pricing is generally keen to Like AWS, Azure pricing structure
customers to beat other cloud have inscrutable. The overall is also difficult to understand unless
providers. structure of granular pricing is a bit you have considerable experience.
complex.
It uses Cloud Test labs for App It uses a device farm for App It uses DevTest labs for App Testing
Testing purposes. Testing purposes. purposes.
It uses Subnet as a virtual network. It uses VPC as a virtual network. It uses VNet as a virtual Network.
It follows the Cloud Load Balancing It follows the Elastic Load It follows the Load-Balancer
configuration. Balancing configuration. Application Gateway configuration.
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Salesforce.com

Salesforce is one of the best cloud-based CRM

platforms.
It is an integrated CRM platform that provides a
single shared view of each customer for all the
departments within an organization, such as
Marketing, Sales, Commerce, and Service.

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Salesforce.com

CRM stands for Customer Relationship Management, a software to manage all the customer and company's interactions.
It contains and manages all the customer-related information such as Customer Name, Address, Phone Number, Email
address, and other business-related information. The software keeps all the interactions done with customers, complaints
registered by the customer, resolutions provided by the executive, and other customer activities with the particular
business or product.

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Technologies used by the Salesforce

• Apex: Salesforce has its own programming languages, knows as Apex. Hence to become a
salesforce developer, or to create a salesforce app, user must have a good knowledge of Salesforce
Apex.
• VisualForce: Visualforce is the framework introduced by the Salesforce, which enables the
developers to create the custom user interfaces that can work on the lighting platform.
• Compiler: Salesforce contains its own complier to compile the Apex programs and VisualForce
Pages.

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Companies using Salesforce

• HCL Technologies use Salesforce CRM for data entry to validate customer data.
• Pizza Hut is providing the smart mobile experience to its customer using the marking salesforce
cloud.
• L'Oreal builds a social network using the Salesforce, by which they can share any Hair fashion-
related plans or events to their stylist or customer.
• American Express is using the Salesforce cloud since 2010, and now they can connect to their
employees together across the organization, or from anywhere.
• Nikon Instrument opted for the Salesforce CRM for their business, but later, they also started
using the social network provided by the Chatter.
• Comcast-Spectator uses the salesforce platform to manage the customer profiles that help them
identify the customer interest and market more efficiently.
• Sony uses the Salesforce Service Cloud to connect with their customers. All customer complaints
are managed and taken care of with this to make the customers satisfied.

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Salesforce Architecture

• Salesforce is one of the leading CRM platforms to provide various customized services to its customers,
partners, and employees. It also provides the platform to build custom apps, pages, components, etc., and
it performs all these tasks so efficiently, mainly because of its architecture that it follows.

• Salesforce Architecture is the multilayer architecture; it contains a series of layers situated on the top of
each other.
• In the multilayer salesforce architecture, the users are at the topmost layer.
• The user can access a layer below the user layer, which means various clouds offered by the salesforce,
such as sales cloud, service cloud, AppExchange, etc.
• The third layer is the salesforce1 App, which allows the user to access the salesforce on mobile device.
• The last layer contains various other salesforce platforms, such as Force.com, Heroku, Exact
TargetFuel, etc.

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Salesforce Architecture

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Private Cloud Platforms

• Microsoft Azure stack

• Open stack
• Open Nepula
• AWS Green grass

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Microsoft Azure stack

Currently available as a technical preview, Azure Stack is essentially a platform for running the
popular Azure cloud inside the data center. Microsoft’s Hyper-V hypervisor, Windows OS, and
Microsoft networking/storage components comprise the inner workings of the platform, with various
platform as a service (PaaS) and application offerings deployable on top of this foundation.

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Open stack

OpenStack is a cloud operating system that controls large pools of compute, storage, and networking
resources throughout a datacenter, all managed and provisioned through APIs with common
authentication mechanisms.

A dashboard is also available, giving administrators control while empowering their users to
provision resources through a web interface.
Beyond standard infrastructure-as-a-service functionality, additional components provide
orchestration, fault management and service management amongst other services to ensure high
availability of user applications.

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Open stack

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Components of OpenStack

• Compute (Nova): Compute is a controller that is used to manage resources in virtualized

environments. It handles several virtual machines and other instances that perform computing
tasks.
• Object Storage (Swift): To store and retrieve arbitrary data in the cloud, object storage is used. In
Swift, it is possible to store the files, objects, backups, images, videos, virtual machines, and other
unstructured data. Developers may use a special identifier for referring the file and objects in place
of the path, which directly points to a file and allows the OpenStack to manage where to store the
files.
• Block Storage (Cinder): This works in the traditional way of attaching and detaching an external
hard drive to the OS for its local use. Cinder manages to add, remove, create new disk space in the
server. This component provides the virtual storage for the virtual machines in the system.
• Networking (Neutron): This component is used for networking in OpenStack. Neutron manages
all the network-related queries, such as IP address management, routers, subnets, firewalls, VPNs,
etc. It confirms that all the other components are well connected with the OpenStack.

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Components of OpenStack

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Components of OpenStack

• Dashboard (Horizon): This is the first component that the user sees in the OpenStack. Horizon is the
web UI (user interface) component used to access the other back-end services. Through individual API
(Application programming interface), developers can access the OpenStack's components, but through
the dashboard, system administrators can look at what is going on in the cloud and manage it as per
their need.
• Identity Service (Keystone): It is the central repository of all the users and their permissions for the
OpenStack services they use. This component is used to manage identity services like authorization,
authentication, AWS Styles (Amazon Web Services) logins, token-based systems, and checking the
other credentials (username & password).
• Image Service (Glance): The glance component is used to provide the image services to OpenStack.
Here, image service means the images or virtual copies of hard disks. When we plan to deploy a new
virtual machine instance, then glance allows us to use these images as templates. Glance allows virtual
box (VDI), VMware (VMDK, OVF), Raw, Hyper-V (VHD) and KVM (qcow2) virtual images.

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OpenNebula

• OpenNebula is an open source platform delivering a simple but feature-rich and flexible solution
to build and manage enterprise clouds for virtualized services, containerized applications and
serverless computing.

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Broad Approaches to Migrating into the Cloud
• Cloud Migration is simply the adoption of cloud computing. It is the process of transferring data,
application code, and other technology-related business processes from an on-premise or legacy
infrastructure to the cloud environment.
• Cloud Migration is a phenomenal transformation in the business information system domain as it
provides adequate services for the growing needs of businesses. However, moving data to the
cloud requires preparation and planning in deciding on an approach.
• The other use-case for Cloud Migration is cloud to cloud transfer.

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Broad Approaches to Migrating into the Cloud

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Broad Approaches to Migrating into the Cloud

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Broad Approaches to Migrating into the Cloud

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Types of Cloud Migration

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Types of Cloud Migration

Lift and Shift:This process involves moving software from on-premise resources to the cloud
without any changes in the application or a process used before. It is the fastest type of cloud
migration available and involves fewer work disruptions since it involves only infrastructure,
information, and security teams. Furthermore, it is more cost-effective compared to other methods
available.
Legacy Application Refactoring: Cloud migration processes allow companies to replicate their
legacy applications completely into the cloud platform by refactoring them. In this way, you can
allow legacy applications to function and concurrently build new applications to replace the old ones
on the cloud
Re-platforming :Re-platforming is a cloud migration process that involves replacing the application
code to make it cloud-native. This process is the most resource-intensive type of migration, as it
requires a lot of planning.

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The Seven-Step Model of Migration into a Cloud

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 The Seven-Step Model of Migration into a Cloud
1. ASSESSMENT: Migration starts with an assessment of the issues relating to migration, at the
application, code, design, and architecture levels. Moreover, assessments are also required for tools
being used, functionality, test cases, and configuration of the application. The proof of concepts for
migration and the corresponding pricing details will help to assess these issues properly.
2. ISOLATE: The second step is the isolation of all the environmental and systemic dependencies of
the enterprise application within the captive data center. These include library, application, and
architectural dependencies. This step results in a better understanding of the complexity of the
migration.
3. MAP:A mapping construct is generated to separate the components that should reside in the
captive data center from the ones that will go into the cloud.
4. RE-ARCHITECT: It is likely that a substantial part of the application has to be re-architected
and implemented in the cloud. This can affect the functionalities of the application and some of these
might be lost. It is possible to approximate lost functionality using cloud runtime support API.

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 The Seven-Step Model of Migration into a Cloud

5. AUGMENT: The features of cloud computing service are used to augment the application.
6. TEST: Once the augmentation is done, the application needs to be validated and tested. This is to
be done using a test suite for the applications on the cloud. New test cases due to augmentation and
proof-of-concepts are also tested at this stage.
7. Optimists test results from the last step can be mixed and so require iteration and optimization. It
may take several optimizing iterations for the migration to be successful. It is best to iterate through
this seven step model as this will ensure the migration to be robust and comprehensive.

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Risks Management

• Identifies source of threats that gives • Determines likelihood of a risk

rise to risk • Helps to identify appropriate controls
• Should be performed before moving
to cloud Risk Risk
Identification Assessment
Step 1 Step 2

Step 4 Step 3
Risk
• Involves continuous observation of Monitoring
Mitigation
existing risks • Involves planning and deploying
• Ensures proper control of security security mechanisms
mechanisms • Helps mitigate risks/minimize impact

Four key steps of risk management

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Risks Management

• Risk is the effect of uncertainty on business objectives. Risk management is a systematic process
to assessing its assets, placing a realistic valuation on each asset, and creating a risk profile that is
rationalized for each information asset across the business. Additionally, the cloud service
providers must establish a risk threshold to measure against each asset.
• Cloud computing poses several new risks beyond those that exist in traditional data centers. Risk
management involves identification, assessment, and prioritization of risks and institutes controls
to minimize the impact of those risks. There are four key steps of risk management that a cloud
service provider must perform before offering services to the consumers: risk identification, risk
assessment, risk mitigation, and monitoring.
• Step 1: Risk identification points to the various sources of threats that give rise to risk. After
identifying risks in a cloud, these risks and their sources need to be classified into meaningful
severity levels.

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Risks Management

• Step 2: Risk assessment determines the extent of the potential threat and the risk associated with
cloud resources. The output of this process helps cloud service provider to identify appropriate
controls for reducing or eliminating risk during the risk mitigation process. All the assets at risk
(data, applications, and processes) must be carefully evaluated to assess their criticality to the
consumers. Critical assets are assets that are essential for the operation of the consumers’ business
and have high business value, such as intellectual property (IP), project plans, and Personally
Identifiable Information (PII). After the risks are assessed, the critical assets should be associated
with potential risks. For example, a company’s IP records can be identified as critical assets, data
disclosure could be a risk of high severity level.
• Step 3: Risk mitigation involves planning and deploying various security mechanisms (such as
those discussed in security mechanisms lesson) that can either mitigate the risks or minimize the
impact of the risks.
• Step 4: Monitoring involves continuous observation of existing risks and security mechanisms to
ensure their proper control. Monitoring can be performed using inputs from deployed security
mechanisms, such as firewalls, IDPS, and malware protection software. These security
mechanisms typically have alerts configured to indicate any observed malicious activity or
security breaches. Also, this step observes new risks that may arise. If a new risk is identified then
the entire process if repeated.
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Cloud Platform

Self-Assessment Question
1. The three service models defined by NIST does not include:

a. Azure
b. AWS
c. Cloudera
d. All of the mentioned

Answer: AWS

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Cloud Platform

Self-Assessment Question
2. The service used by developers to develop applications is:

a. Type1
b. Type2
c. Type3
d. All of the above

Answer: Type1

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Cloud Platform

Self-Assessment Question
3. Which of the following is Type 1 Hypervisor?
a .Wind River Simics
b. Virtual Server 2005 R2
c. KVM
d.ESXi

Answer: ESXi

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Cloud Platform

Self-Assessment Question
4. Which of the following is Type 2 Hypervisor?
a .Wind River Simics
b. Virtual Server 2005 R2
c. Virtual box
d. All of the above

Answer: All of the above

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Cloud Platform

Self-Assessment Question
5.Which of the following is a billing and account management service?
a. Amazon Elastic MapReduce
b. Amazon Mechanical Turk
c. Amazon DevPay
d. Multi-Factor Authentication

Answer: Amazon DevPay

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Cloud Platform

Self-Assessment Question
6. Salesforce.com is the largest ______ provider of CRM software.
a. PaaS
b. IaaS
c. CaaS
d. SaaS

Answer: SaaS

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Cloud Platform

Self-Assessment Question
7. Simple Storage Service use for?

a. It allows the users to store and retrieve various types of data using API calls.
b. It does contain computing element.
c. Both A and B
d. None of the above
Answer: It allows the users to store and retrieve various types of data using API calls.

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Cloud Platform

Self-Assessment Question
8. Which of the following web applications can be deployed with Azure?
a. ASP.NET
b. PHP
c.WCF
d.All of the mentioned

Answer: All of the mentioned.

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Cloud Platform

Self-Assessment Question
9.Azure Storage plays the same role in Azure that ______ plays in Amazon Web Services.
a. S3
b.EC2
c.EC3
d. All of the mentioned.

Answer: S3

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Cloud Platform

Self-Assessment Question
10. What core function does Neutron perform?.

a. Compute
b. Storage
c. Networking
d. Application

Answer: Networking

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Cloud Platform

Document Links

Topics URL Notes

This link gives an overview about AWS
AWS https://aws.amazon.com/ec2
model.
https://azure.microsoft.com/en-in
This link explains the Microsoft Azure
Azure
platform

https://www.javatpoint.com/salesforce The link explains the salesforces

Salesforce
software as service model

This link explains the features and

GCP https://cloud.google.com/gcp benefits of Google Cloud Platform
(GCP) - Google Cloud.
https://www.openstack.org/ This link explain the open stack
Openstack
architecture and its components
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Cloud Platform Models

Assignment
You need to answer below sets of problem. These sets of questions are meant for testing unit I.

1. Explain the different cloud platform models.

2. Compare AWS and Microsoft Azure cloud.
3. List the benefits and risks of IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS.
4. Discuss the impact of SaaS.
5. Explain the criteria to be considered for evaluating SaaS from vendor’s perspective.
6. Explain how Salesforce.com can help business growth.
7. Explain the importance of AWS EC2.

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Cloud Platform Models

Summary
 Public Cloud: Public cloud platforms are third-party providers that deliver computing resources over the Internet.
Examples include Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform, Alibaba, Microsoft Azure, and IBM
Bluemix.
 Private Cloud: A private cloud platform is exclusive to a single organization. It’s usually in an on-site data center or
hosted by a third-party service provider.
 Hybrid Cloud: This is a combination of public and private cloud platforms. Data and applications move seamlessly
between the two. This gives the organization greater flexibility and helps optimize infrastructure, security, and
compliance.
 AWS (Amazon Web Service) is a cloud computing platform that enables users to access on demand computing
services like database storage, virtual cloud server, etc.
 Microsoft Azure is a cloud computing platform that provides a wide variety of services that we can use without
purchasing and arranging our hardware.
 OpenStack is a cloud operating system that controls large pools of compute, storage, and networking resources
throughout a datacenter, all managed and provisioned through APIs with common authentication mechanisms.
 Open Nebula is an open source platform delivering a simple but feature-rich and flexible solution to build and
manage enterprise clouds for virtualized services, containerized applications and serverless computing.

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