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Grammar Unit 47

This document discusses reported speech. It provides examples showing that the present tense changes to past tense in reported speech, and that the past simple verb can be changed to past perfect. It demonstrates these rules through example sets comparing direct and reported speech, and explains how to change verb tenses when converting between the two speech types.

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381 views

Grammar Unit 47

This document discusses reported speech. It provides examples showing that the present tense changes to past tense in reported speech, and that the past simple verb can be changed to past perfect. It demonstrates these rules through example sets comparing direct and reported speech, and explains how to change verb tenses when converting between the two speech types.

Uploaded by

api-3826199
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Grammar – Unit 47

Reported speech 1
(He said that…)
Agenda
 Learning Objectives

 Example Set A - direct speech and reported speech

 Example Set B - the present form in direct speech


changes to the past form in reported speech

 Example Set C - the past simple can be changed to past


perfect

Reported speech 1 2
Agenda
 Learning Objectives

 Example Set A - direct speech and reported speech.

 Example Set B - the present form in direct speech


changes to the past form in reported speech

 Example Set C - the past simple can be changed to past


perfect

Reported speech 1 3
Learning Objectives

 Reported speech

• Two types of speech-direct speech and reported speech

• The present form in direct speech changes to the past form in


reported speech

• The verb in past simple form can be changed to past perfect


form

Reported speech 1 4
Agenda
 Learning Objectives

 Example Set A - direct speech and reported speech

 Example Set B - the present form in direct speech


changes to the past form in reported speech

 Example Set C - the past simple can be changed to past


perfect

Reported speech 1 5
Example Set A - direct speech and reported speech
Study this example situation:

You want to tell somebody what Paul


I’m feeling
ill.
said. There are two ways of doing
this:

You can repeat Paul’s words (direct speech):


Paul said, ‘I’m feeling ill.’

Or you can use reported speech:


Paul said that he was feeling ill.

Reported speech 1 6
Continue..

Compare:

In writing we use these


direct Paul said, ‘ I am feeling ill.’ quotation marks to show
direct speech.

reported Paul said that he was feeling ill.

Reported speech 1 7
Agenda
 Learning Objectives

 Example Set A - direct speech and reported speech.

 Example Set B - the present form in direct speech


changes to the past form in reported speech

 Example Set C - the past simple can be changed to past


perfect

Reported speech 1 8
Example Set B - the present form in direct speech changes
to the past form in reported speech

 What we use reported speech, the main verb of the sentence is usually past
(Paul said that ….. / I told her that ……….. etc.). The rest of the sentence is
usually past too:

□ Paul said that he was feeling ill.


□ I told Lisa that I didn’t have any money.

 You can leave out that. So you can say:

□ Paul said that he was feeling ill. or Paul said he was feeling ill

Reported speech 1 9
Continue…

In general, the present form in direct speech changes to the past


form in reported speech:

am / is  was do / does  did will  would

are  were have / has  had can  could

want / like / know / go etc.  wanted / liked / went etc.

Reported speech 1 10
Continue.. Compare direct speech and reported speech:

You met Jenny. Here are some of the Later you tell somebody what Jenny said.
things she said in direct speech: You use reported speech:
□ Jenny said that her parents were very
‘My parents are very well.’ well.

‘I’m going to learn to drive.’  She said that she was going to learn to drive
‘I want to buy a car.’ □ She said that she wanted to buy a car.

‘John has a new job.’ □ She said that John had a new job.

‘I can’t come to the party □ She said that she couldn’t come to the
on Friday.’
party on Friday.
‘I don’t have much free
time.’ □ She said she didn’t have much free time.

‘I’m going away for a few □ She said that she was going away for a
days. I’ll phone you when I Few days and would phone me when she
get back.’ got back.
Reported speech 1 11
Agenda

 Learning Objectives

 Example Set A - direct speech and reported speech.

 Example Set B - the present form in direct speech


changes to the past form in reported speech

 Example Set C - the past simple can be changed to past


perfect

Reported speech 1 12
Example Set C - the past simple can be changed to
past perfect

 The past simple (did / saw /knew etc.) can usually stay the same in
reported speech, or you can change it to the past perfect ( had
done / had seen / had known etc.):

□ direct Paul said: ‘I woke up feeling ill, so I didn’t go to work.’

reported Paul said: (that) he woke up feeling, so he didn’t go work.


or
Paul said: (that) he had woken up feeling ill, so he hadn’t gone to work

Reported speech 1 13
Summary
 Learning Objectives

 Example Set A - direct speech and reported speech.

 Example Set B - the present form in direct speech


changes to the past form in reported speech

 Example Set C - the past simple can be changed to past


perfect

Reported speech 1 14

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