ACTIVITY 1

Describe and tell something

on the illustration. How is
business networking
success?
 ACTIVITY 2
Observe how the devices are
connected and answer the
questions that follow.
1. What are the devices that are
interconnected with one another?
2. What can be shared with one
another?
3. What do you think will happen if
there is one device that is not
connected to the server?
Utilities Used to
Verify TCP/IP
Connectivity
Utilities Used to Verify TCP/IP
Connectivity
1.IPConfig
IpConfig is a command used to find out
the IP address of a certain network you
are connected to.
How to use the ipconfig command?
1. Click on Start Button, then type cmd
(command prompt) on the search box.
2. A black screen will appear. Type ipconfig
and press enter. The information from this
window will be useful because it shows the
IP address, subnet mask and default
gateway of a network you are connected to.
Internet Protocol (IP) address
a unique numerical identifier for
every device or network that connects
to the internet.
Typically assigned by an internet
service provider (ISP),
an online device address used for
communicating across the internet.
Subnet mask
a 32-bit number created by setting host
bits to all 0s and setting network bits to all
1s.
the subnet mask separates the IP address
into the network and host addresses.
The “255” address is always assigned to a
broadcast address, and the “0” address is
always assigned to a network address.
Default gateway
the path used to pass information
when the device doesn't know where
the destination is.
a router that connects your host to
remote network segments.
Utilities Used to Verify TCP/IP
Connectivity
2. The Ping Command
Command Prompt command used to test
the ability of the source computer to
reach a specified destination computer.
usually used as a simple way to verify
that a computer can communicate over
the network with another computer or
network device.
2. The Ping Command
one of your most important tools in
troubleshooting Internet problems. It
shows you whether the Domain Name
Server is working, whether the
computer you are trying to talk to is
reachable, and how long it takes to
get there.
How to use the ping command?
1. Click on Start Button, then type cmd
(command prompt) on the search box.
2. A black screen will appear. Type ping
followed by the IP address you desire to
verify. The figure below shows the screen of
the ping command and its output.
Understanding ping result:
1.Destination IP Address or Hostname:
The first line typically shows the IP address
or hostname of the target device.
2.Packet Size: At the end of the first line,
you can read the size of each ICMP
(Internet Control Message Protocol) packet
sent. In this case, the packet size is 32
bytes.
Understanding ping result
3.Ping Responses: The following lines
represent the responses received from the
target device. Let's analyze one of them in
detail:
Understanding ping result
• Pinging: The command begins by stating
what host it is pinging. It shows both the
domain name and the corresponding IP
address.
• Reply from: Each subsequent line starts
with “Reply from” followed by the IP
address of the target host, signifying a
successful echo reply. If a reply is not
received within a certain timeframe, you’ll
see a “Request timed out” message instead.
• Bytes: The “bytes” value represents the size
of the ICMP echo reply packet received. This
size typically matches the size of the echo
request packet sent, though it can vary
depending on network conditions and
configurations.
• Time: This value represents the Round-Trip
Time (RTT) for each ICMP echo request-reply
pair, measured in milliseconds. It reflects the
total time taken for the echo request to reach
the target host and for the reply to return to
the source.
• TTL: The “TTL” (Time to Live) is a value in an IP
packet that tells network routers whether or not
the packet should be discarded. Each router that
a packet passes through decreases the TTL value
by at least one. If the TTL reaches zero, the
packet is discarded, and an ICMP “Time
Exceeded” message is sent back to the origin.
The TTL in a ping response is the remaining TTL
value from the original packet after reaching the
target and returning. A lower-than-expected TTL
can indicate a longer route or a misconfigured
network device.
• Ping statistics: At the end of the ping output,
you’ll find a summary of the command’s
results. This summary includes the total
number of packets sent, received, and lost,
providing an immediate overview of packet
loss.
• Approximate round trip times: The final
lines of output give you the minimum,
maximum, and average RTT for all echo
requests. This data is particularly useful in
gauging network performance and latency.
2. The Netstat Command
Shows what networks are active
network statistics, is a command
used to display very detailed
information about how your computer
is communicating with other
computers or network devices.
Views open connections on a host
2. The Netstat Command
Informs shutter about:
 Protocols
 local address
 port numbers
 connection state
What do Netstat mean?
• Proto -The networking protocol and it
could be protocols like TCP, UDP, etc.
• Local Address - The local computer's IP
address and the port number being
utilized. Unless the -n switch is used, the
hostname and port corresponding to the IP
address will be displayed. An asterisk (*)
indicates that the port has not yet been
assigned if one has not yet been set up.
What do Netstat mean?
• Foreign Address - The remote computer's
IP address and port number to which the
socket is linked. The names that relate to
the IP address and port are displayed
unless the -n switch is used. If no port
has yet been assigned, an asterisk (*)
appears in place of the port number.
What do Netstat mean?
• State - Indicates an active TCP connection's
status, including:
• CLOSE_WAIT
• CLOSED
• ESTABLISHED
• FIN_WAIT_1
• FIN_WAIT_2
• LAST_ACK
• LISTEN
• SYN_RECEIVED
• SYN_SEND
• TIMED_WAIT
8 Easy Ways to Troubleshoot
Network
1. Check Your Settings
•First, check your Wi-Fi settings. Go
to Settings > Network & Internet > Wi-Fi.
Switch Wi-Fi to the On position.
•Phones and tablets also have settings that
turn Wi-Fi on and off. Make sure that it is
turned on so you can connect to the network.
•You also want to check if Airplane Mode is
turned on.
2. Check Your Access Points
•Check your WAN (wide area
network) and LAN (local area network)
connections. In layman’s terms, these
are the Ethernet cables that go to and
from your router.
•If you suspect that the cables are
the culprit, try swapping them out
with new ones.
3. Go Around Obstacles
•Walls, furniture, and other
obstructions can be the reason why
you’re unable to go online. Moving
closer to the router can re-establish
the connection. If moving closer to the
router does not solve the issue, then
at least we can remove it from the list
of suspects.
4. Restart the Router
•Sometimes restarting the router can help fix
connectivity issues. This is even truer in cases
where the router has not been turned off in a
while. A quick restart can jolt the router back
into working like it used to.
•If that doesn’t work, you might also
consider resetting the router. But only do so if
you’re okay with it being restored to its factory
settings. You will have to reconfigure
everything including the SSID and password.
5. Check the Wi-Fi Name and Password
•Check the network name (otherwise
known as SSID) and password of the
network connection. If you’re used to
connecting automatically when in range of a
router but are no longer able to, changes
may have been made to the network while
you’re away.
•It could be as simple as administrators
updating the password or the SSID could
have been changed to a different one.
6. Check DHCP Settings
•Routers are usually set up as DHCP
servers. This setting lets computers join a
network automatically. With DHCP turned
on, users will no longer have to mess with
IP Address and DNS Server settings
manually.
•To edit your DHCP settings, go
to Windows Settings > Network &
Internet > Wi-Fi. Under Wi-Fi,
click Manage Known Networks. Select a
 •Under IP Settings, click Edit. From the
drop-down menu, select Automatic
(DHCP).
Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol (DHCP) is a client/server protocol
that automatically provides an Internet
Protocol (IP) host with its IP address and
other related configuration information
such as the subnet mask and default
gateway.
7. Update Windows
•Your network problems could be caused
by your system. If that is the case,
Windows could have possibly released a
fix. Try updating your Windows machine to
the latest release.
•Go to Windows Settings > Update &
Security > Windows Update. Click Check
for Updates. If there are updates available,
Windows will download and install them.
8. Open Windows Network Diagnostics
•Windows has a tool called Windows Network
Diagnostics that lets users troubleshoot
connection issues.
•Go to Windows Settings > Network &
Internet > Status. Under Change Your Network
Settings, click Network Troubleshooter.
•Windows Network Diagnostics will run a
couple of tests to see what’s possibly causing
your Wi-Fi issues.
•Windows will let you know if it does not find
any issue. Otherwise, you will be given a list of
possible actions to take to resolve the problem.
 ACTIVITY 3
With the current situation now that internet
connectivity is very important because this is
one way of connecting to your teachers and have
an access on the learning materials that you will
be using in your subjects, what will you do to
the following situations once that you encounter
them while using your internet? Give your
honest response to the following situations.
1. You found out that you cannot
connect with your internet connection
at home. What troubleshooting are you
going to conduct?
2. You want to know the IP
configuration of the connection you are
using, what are the steps that you
need to do to be able to execute this
process?