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Seminar
On
Tidal Energy

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 Content
 Introduction
 What is Tidal Energy
 History
 How does it works
 Application
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Uses
 Environmental Effect
 Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION

Tides are the waves caused due to the

gravitational pull of the moon and also sun(though
its pull is very low).
The rise is called high tide and fall is called low
tide.
This building up and receding of waves happens
twice a day and causes enormous movement of
water.
 What is Tidal Energy?
 Tidal energy is the utilization of the variations
in sea level caused primarily by the
gravitational effects of the moon, combined
with the rotation of the Earth.
 History

 Tidal power buildings were built as early as the 9th Century

throughout Europe.
 This building was built in Ohalo, Portugal circa 1280.
 How Does Tidal Energy Work

 Tidal Turbines: Tidal turbines use similar technology

to wind turbines, although their blades are much
shorter and stronger. So a good way to think of them is
as underwater windmills.
 Tidal Barrages: Tidal barrages are very similar to the
Dams in hydroelectric plants, except that they are
much larger as they are built across an estuary or bay.
 Tidal Lagoons:Tidal Lagoons are similar to barrages
but have a much lower cost and impact on the
environment.
 Application

 Tidal energy is derived from the motion of the Earth-Moon

system. Due to the rotation of earth, the bulges of tides are always
ahead of the position on earth right under the moon.
 The gravitational force between this portion of water and moon
generates a torque that decelerates the rotation of earth.
 On the other hand, this force helps to accelerate the orbital
movement of moon around earth.
 As a consequence, without other interference, the rotational
period of earth will finally be equal to the orbital period of moon.
 The utilization of tidal energy, which will inevitably reduce the
tidal currents, takes advantage of the angular dynamic energy of
earth in the similar way.
 Tidal Energy Generation
In-Stream Devices
 make use of the kinetic energy of moving water to power
turbines, in a similar way as windmills use moving air. This
method is gaining in popularity because it’s removable, it can be
scaled up gradually (from one device, to an array, to a larger
farm), and has lower potential costs and ecological impact
(compared to barrages).
 Barrages
 Barrages make use of the potential
energy in the difference in height –
or head – between high and low
tides. They are essentially dams
across the full width of a tidal
estuary – or the mouth of a river that
has a free-flowing connection to the
ocean. Barrages have very high costs,
a worldwide shortage of viable sites
and associated environmental
concerns.
 Current sites of tidal barrages
 La Rance, Brittany, France
 The first and largest tidal barrage power plant
 Constructed between 1961 and 1967.
 Situated on the Rance River.
 Contains 24 reversible 10 MW bulb turbines
generating a capacity of 240 MW and a net
power output of 480 GWh per year.
 Two- way generation system and pumped
storage.
 Annapolis Tidal Generation Facility on the Bay
of Fundy, Canada
 Constructed between 1981 and 1984.
 Generating capacity of 20 MW and a net output of
30 GW h per year.
 Further development is being considered in the
Bay of Fundy.
 Tidal Lagoons
 Tidal Lagoons are similar to barrages but can
be constructed as self-contained structures not
extending fully across an estuary. Some
suggest this may reduce both costs and overall
impacts. They can be configured to generate
continuously, which is not the case with
barrages.
 Advantages

1) It is an inexhaustible source of energy.

2) Tidal energy is environment friendly energy and
doesn't produce greenhouse gases.
3) As 71% of Earth’s surface is covered by water, there is
scope to generate this energy on large scale.
4) We can predict the rise and fall of tides as they follow
cyclic fashion.
5) Efficiency of tidal power is far greater as compared to
coal, solar or wind energy. Its efficiency is around 80%.
6) Although cost of construction of tidal power is high but
maintenance costs are relatively low.
 Disadvantages

1) Cost of construction of tidal power plant is high.

2) There are very few ideal locations for construction of
plant and they too are localized to coastal regions only.
3) Intensity of sea waves is unpredictable and there can be
damage to power generation units.
4) Influences aquatic life adversely and can disrupt
migration of fish.
5) The actual generation is for a short period of time. The
tides only happen twice a day so electricity can be
produced only for that time.
6) Frozen sea, low or weak tides, straight shorelines, low
tidal rise or fall are some of the obstructions.
 Uses

 Tidal Electricity - Like other forms of Energy, the main

usage of Tidal Energy is in the generation of Electricity.
Tidal Energy is being used in France to generate 240
MW of Tidal Electricity at very low costs.
 Grain Mills – Tidal Energy has been used for
hundreds of years. Just like Wind Mills, Tidal Energy
was used for the mechanical crushing of grains in
Grain Mills.
 Energy Storage - Tidal Energy can also be used as a
store of Energy. Like many of the hydroelectric dams
which can be used a large Energy Storage, so Tidal
Barrages with their reservoirs can be modified to store
energy.
 Uses…
 Energy Storage - Tidal Energy can also be used as a
store of Energy. Like many of the hydroelectric dams
which can be used a large Energy Storage, so Tidal
Barrages with their reservoirs can be modified to store
energy.
 Provide Protection to Coast in High Storms – Tidal
Barrages can prevent Damage to the Coast during High
Storms and also provide an easy transport method
between the 2 arms of a Bay or an Estuary on which it
is built.
 Environmental Effects

 Studies to date suggest that local environmental

impacts are likely to be minor, but further research is
required into device-environment interactions,
particularly the impact of tidal stream energy
generators on flow momentum.
 Although the generators create no noise audible to
humans, they do create “modest” noise underwater.
Manufacturers maintain that this is important to help
marine wild-life have an awareness of the presence of
the turbine.
 Current Legal Issues Regarding Proposed Tidal Plants in the US

 Section 4(e) of the FPA directs the Commission to give

equal consideration to the purposes of power and
development, energy conservation, fish and wildlife,
recreational opportunities, and preservation of
environmental quality “in deciding whether to issue a
license.”
 (National Wildlife Federation).
 Similarly, sections 10(a) and 10(j) are prefaced with the
direction that “all licenses issued under this
subchapter” shall include the conditions required by
sections 10(a) and 10(j).
 Conclusion

 Tidal energy is a kind of renewable energy

with large potential. It has many advantages
over solar and wind energy.
 For example, the availability of tidal energy is
highly predictable and not subject to the impact
of weather condition. The energy density of
tides is also higher than solar and wind energy.
 References

 www.studymafia.org
 www.google.com
 www.wikipedia.com
THANKS