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Lecture 1

The document discusses soil shear strength parameters for stabilized soils. It begins by explaining why studying soil behavior and failures caused by soil movements and sliding is important. It then discusses different types of drilling rigs used to take soil samples, including undisturbed and disturbed soil sampling. Finally, it covers topics like groundwater physical properties, Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, triaxial testing apparatus and procedures, and determining shear strength parameters c and phi from consolidated drained triaxial tests.

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bakhtiar Al-Barzinji
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
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25 views

Lecture 1

The document discusses soil shear strength parameters for stabilized soils. It begins by explaining why studying soil behavior and failures caused by soil movements and sliding is important. It then discusses different types of drilling rigs used to take soil samples, including undisturbed and disturbed soil sampling. Finally, it covers topics like groundwater physical properties, Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, triaxial testing apparatus and procedures, and determining shear strength parameters c and phi from consolidated drained triaxial tests.

Uploaded by

bakhtiar Al-Barzinji
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 1

Shear strength Parameter for


stabilized soils
Instructor: Dr. Ahmed Salih Mohammed,
Ph.D. and Postdoc in Civil Engineering and Geo-materials.
[email protected]

Civil Engineering Department

03/20/2024 1
Why Soil behaviour Studding is important?

Longitudinal Cracks on
Pavement
Heave Area
Shear Failure Due to
Expansive soil

Splitting Between Column and


Beam Due to Expansive soil

4
Failures Caused by Soil Movements

3
Failures Caused by Soil Sliding

4
A drilling rig is a machine that creates holes in the earth sub-surface. Drilling rigs can be massive structures housing equipment used to

drill water wells, oil wells, or natural gas extraction wells are called augers. Drilling rigs can sample sub-surface mineral deposits, test

rock, soil and groundwater physical properties, and also can be used to install sub-surface fabrications, such as underground utilities,

instrumentation, tunnels or wells. Small to medium-sized drilling rigs are mobile, such as those used in mineral exploration drilling, blast-

hole, water wells and environmental investigations. using large "mud pumps" to circulate drilling mud(slurry) through the drill bit and

up the casing annulus, for cooling and removing the "cuttings" .

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GROUNDWATER PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Shelby tube

Clayey Soil

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Undisturbed Soil Sample 6
Sampling- Undisturbed

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Disturbed Soil Sample

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Hydraulic rotary drilling

Gravelly Soil

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Pits

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Mohr-Coulomb Failure Criterion

Field conditions

A representative
material sample
z
svc

shc shc

svc
Unconfined Compressive
Strength

t=

12
Triaxial Test Apparatus
piston (to apply deviatoric stress)

failure plane
O-ring

impervious
membrane
soil sample at
failure
porous
stone
perspex cell

water

cell pressure
pore pressure or
back pressure
pedestal volume change

14
Principle of shear stress

15
16
Coulomb’s Model

Mobilized shear
Retaining
resistance
wall

Failure
surface

A slip plane in a material mass


Friction angle

Row 1

Row 2

Row 1

Row 2
Triaxial Test

19
Mohr Circles & Failure Envelope
As loading progresses, Mohr
circle becomes larger…

GL


c
Y c
c

.. and finally failure occurs


when Mohr circle touches the
envelope
Types of Triaxial Tests
deviatoric stress ()

Under all-around Shearing (loading)


cell pressure c

Is the drainage valve open? Is the drainage valve open?

yes no yes no

Consolidated Unconsolidated Drained Undrained


sample sample loading loading
21
Types of Triaxial Tests
Depending on whether drainage is allowed
or not during
 initial isotropic cell pressure application, and
 shearing,
there are three special types of triaxial tests
that have practical significances. They are:

Consolidated Drained (CD) test


Consolidated Undrained (CU) test
Unconsolidated Undrained (UU) test

22
1- 3 Relation at Failure
1
X 3

soil element at failure

3 1

 1   3 tan ( 45   / 2)  2c tan( 45   / 2)
2

 3   1 tan ( 45   / 2)  2c tan( 45   / 2)
2
Unconsolidated Undrained -UU

24
CD, CU and UU Triaxial Tests
Consolidated Undrained (CU) Test
 pore pressure develops during shear
Measure  ’

 gives c’ and ’

 faster than CD (preferred way to find c’ and ’)

25
Consolidated Undrained -CU

26
CD, CU and UU Triaxial Tests
Consolidated Drained (CD) Test
 no excess pore pressure throughout the test
 very slow shearing to avoid build-up of pore
pressure
Can be days!
 not desirable

 gives c’ and ’

Use c’ and ’ for analysing fully drained


situations (e.g., long term stability,
very slow loading)

27
Consolidated Drained -CD

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Ex: The following results obtained at failure in a
series of drained Triaxial tests on a fully saturated clay
samples, originally 38mm diameter and 76mm long .
Determine the values of the shear strength parameters:

All around pressure (kN/m2) 200 400 600

Axial Compression (mm) 7.22 8.36 9.41

Axial Load (N) 480 895 1300

Volume Change (mL) 5.25 7.4 9.3

29
Solution:

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