PREUNIVERSITA

RIO
2024-1

MIXED CONDITIONAL I
MIXED CONDITIONAL II
VOCABULARY: FEELINGS
18
 MIXED CONDITIONAL
Mixed conditionals are a combination of two types of conditional patterns,
usually second and third conditionals. We can have a third conditional in the if
clause and a second conditional in the main clause or a second conditional in the
if clause and a third conditional in the main clause.

There are two types of mixed conditional sentence.

Past Condition / Present Result Present Condition / Past Result

MIXED CONDITIONAL I
Past Condition / Present Result
 Here's a sentence imagining how a change in a past situation would have a result in the
present:

Examples:

If you had followed the rules, we wouldn’t be in trouble.

(but you didn’t follow the rules (in the past) and now we’re in trouble)

I would have a better job if I had tried harder.

(but I didn’t try harder, and now I don’t have a better job)

REMEMBER:
If you place the “If” clause first, you need to
use a comma at the end of the clause.
 GRAMMAR

3rd Conditional (Condition) 2nd Conditional (Result)

We use to express that if something had been different in the past there would be a present result.
WOULD
IF SUBJECT PAST PERFECT COMMA SUBJECT INFINITIVE
(COULD, MIGHT)

If he had passed the exam , he would be happy

Reversing the order of clauses:

we don’t use a comma

2nd Conditional (Result) 3rd Conditional (Condition)

WOULD
SUBJEC
(COULD, INFINITIVE IF SUBJECT PAST PERFECT
T
MIGHT)

We would be there now if we had left earlier.

“IF” CLAUSE (CONDITION) MAIN CLAUSE (RESULT)
If + past perfect Present conditional

If we hadn't missed our flight, we'd be in Spain now.

If you had caught that plane, you would be dead now .

MAIN CLAUSE (RESULT) “IF” CLAUSE (CONDITION)

Present conditional If + past perfect

We'd be in Spain now if we hadn't missed our flight.

You would be dead now if you had caught that plane.

 In these mixed conditional sentences, you can also use modals in the main clause
instead of would to express the degree of certainty, permission, or a
recommendation about the outcome.

Examples:

If you had crashed the car, you might be in trouble.

I could be a millionaire now if I had invested in ABC Plumbing.

If I hadn’t learned to ski, I might not be on the slopes right now.

EXERCISE 1
1.- If you ______________ a map, as I told you, we wouldn't be lost now.
a) would have taken b) had taken c) took

2.- My mum would be fine now if the doctor _____ what was wrong with her at
the beginning.
a) had realised b) would have realised c) realised

3.- If you had started studying earlier, you _____ more prepared for the exam.
a) were b) would been c) would be

4.- If you _______________ that job, you would be miserable now.

a) would have accepted b) would accept c) had accepted
 MIXED CONDITIONAL II
Present Condition / Past Result

• Use it to refer to an unreal Aaaaaaaagh!!!!!!

present situation and its If I wasn’t afraid of spiders, I
probable yet unreal past result. would have picked it up!
We use it to explain conditions
that are contrary to the present
reality and results that are
contrary to the past reality. The
time in the condition clause is
now or always while the time
in the main clause is before
now.
 In this mixed conditional sentence, the condition or “if” clause uses the Past Simple tense, and
the Perfect Conditional in the main/result clause.

Examples:

I would have picked it up if I wasn't afraid of spiders.

Expresses an idea that is contrary to the present reality, since I am afraid of

spiders. “I would have picked it up” is contrary to reality in the past, as I
did not pick it up.

If I was more diligent, I would have finished my degree at university.

REMEMBER:
If you place the “If” clause first, you need to use a
comma at the end of the clause.
 GRAMMAR

2nd Conditional (Condition) 3rd Conditional (Result)

Present condition and a past result. We use it to express that due to certain present conditions something already happened
in the past.

IF SUBJECT PAST SIMPLE COMMA SUBJECT WOULD HAVE PAST PARTICIPLE

If he were so good , he would have won.

Reversing the order of clauses:

we don’t use a comma

3rd Conditional (Result) 2nd Conditional (Condition)

SUBJECT WOULD HAVE PAST PARTICIPLE IF SUBJECT PAST SIMPLE

He would have come if he weren’t busy.

 “IF” CLAUSE (CONDITION) MAIN CLAUSE (RESULT)
If + simple past Perfect conditional (would have + past part.)

If my Italian was better, I’d have been able to translate the letter.
If she wasn’t afraid of flying, she wouldn’t have travelled by boat.

MAIN CLAUSE (RESULT) “IF” CLAUSE (CONDITION)

Perfect conditional (would have + past part.) If + simple past

I’d have been able to translate the letter if my Italian was better.
She wouldn’t have travelled by boat if she wasn’t afraid of flying.
 Again, we can use modals like ‘might‘ and ‘could‘ instead of ‘would’ in the result
clause.

Examples:

She could have climbed the mountain if she were stronger.

I might have invited her to my baby shower if we were friends.

EXERCISE 2Chose the correct alternative.
1. If I was a good cook, I ______________ them to lunch.
a) 'd have invited b) hadn’t invited c) wasn’t invite

2. I'd have been able to translate the letter if my Italian ______ better.
a) 'd have been b) hadn’t been c) was

3.- I _____ happy to help you if I wasn’t so busy.

a) would have been b) would be c) had been

10. If she _______ afraid of flying she'd have travelled by plane.

a) wouldn’t have been b) hadn’t been c) wasn’t
Alternatives of “if” in
conditional sentences Provided as long as
on
condition
that

I will tell you what happened, as long as you

promise not to reveal it to anyone. wh
su en
pp
ose
Provided the bank lends us all the money we
need, we are going to buy that flat. even if

Suppose you get lost in a strange city, what

would you do?

They agreed to lend us car on condition that whether unle

we returned it back by the weekend. or not ss
VOCABULARY: FEELINGS
Examples:

My mother came home exhausted after working a 12 hour

shift at the hospital. She went straight to bed.

Every morning, Sam is so enthusiastic to begin his day

that he jumps out of bed and begins to sing.

His mother became worried when she didn't hear from

him for two days.

I am absolutely furious!! I cannot believe that my dog

chewed my favorite shoes. Now they're ruined!
EXERCISE 3Chose the correct alternative.
1.- We were all ____________ when they announced that the President had died.

a) guilty b) shocked c) bitter

2.- After driving for ten hours the bus driver was ___________ and needed a good sleep.

a) lonely b) energetic c) exhausted

3.- He bought himself a dog so that we wouldn’t feel so _________ !

a) lonely b) tired c) embarrased

4.- Initially, my mother is very ______________ when she meets new people.

a) shy b) jealous c) frustrated

5.- The secretary had so much work to do that she felt ___________.

a) bored b) rebellious c) overwhelmed