CHH.

SHAHU COLLEGE
OF ENGINEERING

PRESENTATION ON
AUTONOMOUS CAR TECHNOLOGY

Presented by – Guided by –
Rohan Dhananjay Rahalkar Dr. S.V. Khidse / Prof. GS Vyas
SY (CSE) B
Content

• INTRODUCTION
• HISTORY
• CLASSIFICATION
• HOW IT WORKS
• GADGETS USED
• ADVANTAGES
• DISADVANTAGES
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
An autonomous car are known as an uncrewed vehicle,
driverless car, self-driving car or robotic car,

Vehicle capable of fulfilling the main transportation capabilities

of a regular car on it’s own.

A vehicle capable of sensing its environment and navigating

without human input/assistance/help.
 HISTORY
• Experiments have been conducted on automating cars since
at least the 1920s, promising trials took place in the 1950s
and work has proceeded since then

• The first self-sufficient and truly autonomous cars appeared

in the 1980s, with Carnegie Mellon University's Navlab and
ALV projects in 1984 and Mercedes-Benz and Bundeswehr
University Munich's EUREKA Prometheus Project in 1987
Then
The RRL's modified 1960 Citroen DS19 to be automatically controlled
at the Science Museum, London (brakes and accelerates on its own
BRIEF DISCRIPTION
 CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
• Level 0: The driver completely controls the vehicle at all times.

• Level 1: Individual vehicle controls are automated, such as electronic

stability control or automatic braking.

• Level 2: At least two controls can be automated in unison, such as adaptive

cruise control in combination with lane keeping.

• Level 3: The driver can fully control of all safety-critical functions in certain
conditions.

• Level 4: The vehicle performs all, with the driver not expected to control the
vehicle at any time.
 HOW IT WORKS
• Autonomous vehicles sense their surroundings using special
gadgets placed on the car, examples include the lidar, radar, GPS,
cameras etc.

• Advanced control systems (artificial intelligence) interpret sensory

information to identify appropriate navigation paths, as well as
obstacles and relevant sign.

• Autonomous vehicles are capable of updating their maps based on

sensory input, allowing the vehicles to keep track of their position
even when conditions change or when they enter uncharted
environments.
LIDAR
RADAR

CAMERAS

SONAR

GPS POSITIONING

SOPHISTICATED SOFTWARE
 LIDAR
3D map and allow the car to “see” potential hazards by bouncing a laser
beam off of surfaces surrounding the car in order to accurately determine
the distance and the profile of that object. Mounted on top the car on a
rotating motor
 RADAR
Ability to accurately monitor speed of surrounding vehicles in real time.
Mounted on the bumpers, with two sensors in the front bumper, and two in
the rear, the radar units allow the car to avoid impact by sending a signal to
the on-board processor. works in conjunction with other features on the car
such as inertial measurement units
 SONAR AND HIGH-POWERED CAMERAS

Sonar technology have narrow field Cameras mounted to the exterior with
of view and its relatively short slight separation in order to give an
effective range (about 6 meters) but overlapping view of the car’s
allows the car to effectively cross- surroundings just like the human eye
reference data from other systems which provides overlapping images to
in real time the brain before determining things like
depth of field, peripheral movement, and
dimensionality of objects. Each camera
has a 50-degree field of view and is
accurate to about 30 meters.
 POSITIONING AND SOFTWARE
The Positioning system works
The software processes all of the data in
alongside the on-board cameras to
real-time as well as modelling
process real-world information as
behavioural dynamics of other drivers,
well as GPS data, and driving speed pedestrians, and objects around you.
to accurately determine the precise While some data is hard-coded into the
position of each vehicle, down to a car, such as stopping at red lights, other
few centimetres all while making responses are learned based on previous
smart corrections for things like driving experiences. Every mile driven on
traffic, road construction, and each car is logged, and this data is
accidents. processed in an attempt to find solutions
to every applicable situation. The
learning algorithm processes the data of
not just the car you’re riding in, but that
of others in order to find an appropriate
response to each possible problem
 POTENTIAL ADVANTAGES
• Avoid traffic collisions caused by human driver errors.
• Increased roadway capacity and reduced traffic congestion due to reduced
need for safety gaps and the ability to better manage traffic flow.
• Relief of vehicle occupants from driving and navigation duties.
• Higher speed limit for autonomous cars
• Removal of constraints on occupants' state; it would not matter if the
occupants were under age, over age, unlicensed, blind, distracted, drunk or
otherwise impaired.
• Reduction in the need for traffic police and premium on vehicle insurance.
• Reduction in car theft, due to the vehicle's increased awareness.
• Car sharing
 DISADVANTAGES
• Driver's re-education
• The cost of implementing the new technology could be way out of reach
for most people or countries
• Security issues (hacking and location based information stored).
• Loss of jobs (taxi drivers, driving schools , automobile companies not in
autonomous production, traffic wards, etc.)
• A self-driving car doesn't completely eliminate the likelihood of a car
accident as things could malfunction eg networks and software's
corruption and weather related circumstances which could destroy or
distort readings.
• Heavy reliance technology making it difficult to function in their absences
eg bad traffic light or no bad road sign placed for it to read
• Most of all people who enjoy driving and racing would not be interested
References
• Anderson, J. M., Nidhi K., Karlyn D. S., Paul, S., Constantine, S., Oluwatobi, A.O., 2014. Autonomous Vehicle Technology: A Guide for
• Policymakers. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
• Ballay, M., Macurová, Ľ., Kohút, P., Čopiak, M., 2018. Development of road safety status and the evaluation criterion causes of specific
traffic
• accidents. In 22nd International Scientific Conference – Transport Means 2018. 03–05. October 2018. Kaunas, Lithuania, 765–770. ISSN
• 1822-296X
• Stiller, C., Ozguner, U., Redmill, K., 2007. Systems for Safety and Autonomous Behaviors in cars: The DARPA challenge experience.
• Chang, Y.P., Liu, Ch.N., Pei, Z., et al., 2019. New scheme of LiDAR-embedded smart laser headlight for autonomous vehicles. OPTICS
• EXPRESS 27.20, A1481–A1489.
• Gerstmair, M., Melzer, A., Onic, A., et al., 2019. On the Safe Road Toward Autonomous Driving Phase noise monitoring in radar sensors
for
• functional safety compliance. IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE 36.5, 60–70.
• Jurecki, R., Poliak, M., Jaskiewicz, M., 2017. Young adult drivers: simulated behaviour in a car-following situation, Promet-Traffic &
• Transportation 29.4, 381–390. ISSN 0353-5320.
• Kalašová, A., Ondruš, J., Kubíková, S., 2018. Inteligentné dopravné systémy, 1. ed. Žilina: Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, Slovakia, 302 p. ISBN
• 978-80-554-1493-5.
• Kubáňová, J., Kubasáková, I., 2018. The introduction and impact of tachographs on road freight transport. In: Transport Means -
Proceedings of
• the International Conference, October 2018, 1085–1090.
• Schejbalová, Z. et al., 2012. Simulation of a Collision between Passenger Car and Child Pedestrian. PROMET - Traffic&Transportation
24.2,
• 109–118. ISSN 0353-5320.
 CONCLUSION

• These cars seem to be a part of the near future transportation, if they are
successfully deployed across roadways and it will be a revolution not just
for drivers and traffic patterns but also for the transportation industry as a
whole as the use of automated cars does not mean they will be no more
accidents, but will eventually reduce number of accidents to the barest
minimum and ease of a lot of driving burdens.

While the question remains would you buy

one?
Thank You