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Statistics and
Probability
 STATISTICS
Statistics is the study of collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and
organization of data. It is a mathematical discipline to collect and summarize
data.

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 CONDUCT
EVALUATE RESEARCH
OUTCOMES

CRITICAL
THINKING

Statistics used to inquire about almost any field of study to investigate why things
happen, when they occur, whether reoccurrence is predictable.
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 STATISTICS
Statistics is more concerned with the concept of randomness than the branch of pure
mathematics known as Probability Theory.

Statistics is preoccupied with making predictions;

Example: (1) those that are related to consumer behavior or public political
preferences
(2) statistical analysis of people in Santa Rosa who are voters out of the
total population

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 PROBABILITY
Probability is simply how likely something is to happen. Whenever we’re unsure
about the outcome of an event, we can talk about probabilities of certain outcomes–
how likely or unlikely.

It is also defined as the ratio of the number of favorable outcomes to the total number
of outcomes of an event.

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 PROBABILITY
Probability is possibility.
• It is a branch of mathematics that deals with the occurrence of a random event.
• The value is expressed from zero to one.
• The sum of the probabilities is equal to 1.

Example: (1) probability of a dice getting a 4

(2) probability of rain in a weather forecasts

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Determine the questions below whether they are
STATISTICS or PROBABILITY.

How old are the people Does it rain often in

living in Macabling, Laguna than in Cavite?
Laguna?
STATISTICS STATISTICS
How many chances are
How many chances to
there to pick a king in a
get "tail" when tossing a
deck of cards?
coin?
PROBABILITY PROBABILIT 8
 Random Variable
Is a variable whose value is the result of an event or experiment.

Sample Space
Is the set of all possible outcomes for an event.

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EXAMPLE 1
What will be the sample space in tossing a coin?

Head Tail
S={H,T} 11
 Tossing a coin twice
FIRST TOSS SECOND
TOSS What will be the
sample space in
tossing a coin twice?

COIN
S={HH, HT, TH, TT}

PROBABILITY TREE
 Suppose that X represent the number of heads and with
each sample point we can associate a number for X as
shown in the table below:

OUTCOME X (heads) P(X)

HH 2 ¼
HT 1 ¼
TH 1 ¼
TT 0 ¼

Hence, X= {0, 1, 2}

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Tossing a coin three times

What will be the

sample space in
tossing a coin
three times?

S={HHH, HHT,
HTH, HTT, THH,
THT, TTH, TTT}
EXAMPLE 2
OUTCOME X
In tossing a coin three times, what are the possible
outcomes and the value of X(heads)? HHH 3
HHT 2
HTH 2
HTT 1
THH 2
THT 1
TTH 1
TTT 0
S={HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT,
THH, THT, TTH, TTT}
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EXAMPLE 3
Write all the possible values of each random variable.

X: Number of even number

outcomes in a roll of a die. S={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
X={2, 4, 6}

Y: Number of odd number outcomes

in a roll of a die.

S={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
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Y={1, 3, 5}
KAYA PA?
LET’S GO!

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TWO TYPES OF RANDOM VARIABLE

DISCRETE AND
CONTINUOUS
VARIABLE
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 DISCRETE VARIABLE
It refers to random variable which takes only a limited or a countable number
of values.

LIMITED FINITE COUNTABLE

EXAMPLE: (1) Number of boys in the classroom

(2) Number of words in a spoken word poetry

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 CONTINUOUS VARIABLE
It deals with random variable X which take any value between certain
intervals.
LOTS OF
MEASURED
INFINITE POSSIBLE
DATA
VALUES
EXAMPLE: (1) Weight of students in a class
(2) Amount of lemonade in a jug

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ACTIVITY Identify the following whether it is a discrete variable of
continuous variable.
1. Amount of salt in a glass container
2. Number of pupils joined the Math Club in OLFU
3. Speed of a Honda Civic car to the East
4. Average weight of 6 years old children in a barangay
5. Scores of students in a test
6. Height of boys in a class
7. Number of green marbles in a bag
8. Number of typos on a page.
9. Amount of water
10. Length of your hair

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