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B Scan Ultrasonography

Ultrasonography uses piezoelectric transducers to emit ultrasound pulses that reflect off tissues and are received back by the transducer. The transducer converts the reflected sound waves into electrical signals that are processed to produce 2D images of internal structures. B-scan ultrasonography uses a transducer probe placed on the outside of the closed eyelid to generate cross-sectional views of the eye and orbit. Differences in acoustic impedance between tissues cause echoes at interfaces that appear as intensities on the image, allowing visualization of internal ocular structures.

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60 views

B Scan Ultrasonography

Ultrasonography uses piezoelectric transducers to emit ultrasound pulses that reflect off tissues and are received back by the transducer. The transducer converts the reflected sound waves into electrical signals that are processed to produce 2D images of internal structures. B-scan ultrasonography uses a transducer probe placed on the outside of the closed eyelid to generate cross-sectional views of the eye and orbit. Differences in acoustic impedance between tissues cause echoes at interfaces that appear as intensities on the image, allowing visualization of internal ocular structures.

Uploaded by

sumairashakoor0
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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B scan

ultrasonography
Introduction
Ultrasound technology, also known as sonar,
echography or acoustic imaging, was developed during
world war I as a method of detecting under water
objects, including submarines.
Diagnostic sonography (ultrasonography)

It is an ultrasound-based diagnostic


imaging technique used for visualizing
internal body structures
including tendons, muscles, joints, vessels
and internal organs for possible pathology
or lesions..
Audible waves
Piezoelectricity

Piezoelectricity
is the electric charge that accumulates in certain solid
materials (such as crystals, certain ceramics, and
biological matter such as bone,DNA and various
proteins)
Piezoelectric effect
Conversion of electric energy into mechanical –
transmission of sound
Mechanical into electrical –receiving reflecting beam
Electricity is applied to piezoelectric material which
vibrate to produce mechanical sound or wave
Returning sound wave cause vibration of p- material
that are converted into the electrical signal for display
PE materials
Lead zirconate titanate
Barium titanate
Lead metaniobate
Lead titanate
Transducer

A transducer is a device that converts a signal in


one form of energy to another form of energy.

Energy types include (but are not limited


to) electrical, mechanical,electromagnetic (including )
, chemical, and thermal energy.
While the term transducer commonly implies the use
of a sensor/detector, any device which converts
energy can be considered a transducer
Transducer consists of
Piezoelectric crystal (stimu- by electric current )
Ultrasound wave by tissue reflect back and absorbed
by the crystal ---e- current-- receiver –echo on screen
B-scan
 B-scan or Brightness scan, offers two-dimensional
cross-sectional view of the eye as well as the orbit.
 A B-scan is used on the outside of the closed eyelid to
view the eye.
Principle
The ultrasound is based on physical principles of
tissue acoustic impedance mismatch and pulse echo
technology.
Whenever a sound wave moving in air hits a solid
surface, it reflects off it. This reflected sound is called
an echo. The same applies to a sound wave moving
through water and hitting an obstacle.
Echoes are produced at adjoining tissues interfaces that have
differential acoustic impedance.
The greater the difference in acoustic impedance, the
stronger the echo.
The ultrasound waves have a frequency greater than 20 KHz.
In standard ophthalmic ultrasound, frequencies are in the
range of 8 to 10MHz.
This high frequency produces short wave lengths, which
allow visualization of smaller ocular structures, while
abdominal ultrasound has lower frequency (1 to 5MHz)
which produces longer wave length and penetrates
deeper tissues
The reflected echoes are received, amplified,
produced electronically and displayed in visual format
as a “B-scan
PROBE
Two types
Linear probe
Multiple source of ultrasounds are aligned in a grid to
cover a specific area
Vector probe
One source of ultrasound oscillate back and forth
Linear probe
Vector probe

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