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Heat of Neutralization

This experiment aims to determine the heat of neutralization for two reactions: 1) H2SO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2H2O 2) CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O The heat released during neutralization (Q) is measured by the temperature change before and after mixing the acid and base solutions. The molar heat of neutralization (ΔH) is calculated based on the moles of water produced in each reaction.

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Ibrahim A. Zahran
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49 views

Heat of Neutralization

This experiment aims to determine the heat of neutralization for two reactions: 1) H2SO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2H2O 2) CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O The heat released during neutralization (Q) is measured by the temperature change before and after mixing the acid and base solutions. The molar heat of neutralization (ΔH) is calculated based on the moles of water produced in each reaction.

Uploaded by

Ibrahim A. Zahran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment no.

[4] :

Determination of heat of neutralization


Objective :
 To determine heat of neutralization.

Definition :

 The heat (or enthalpy) of neutralization (ΔH) is


the amount of heat released when one mole of
acid reacts with one mole of base to form a salt
plus one mole of water.
Energy changes always accompany chemical
reactions
If heat energy is released the reaction is If energy is absorbed the reaction is
exothermic (heat content of reactants > heat endothermic (heat content of reactants < heat
content of products ) content of products )
ΔH is negative value. ΔH is positive value.
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) NaNO3(s) → Na+(aq) + NO3+(aq)
How to determine heat (or enthalpy) of neutralization (ΔH)

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

 Net heat released (Q) = Heat released by the neutralization reaction – heat absorbed by the container
 Q = ΔH – heat absorbed by the container
 ΔH = Q + heat absorbed by the container
 In this experiment the neutralization reaction will be carried out in an insulator cup.
 Therefore, heat absorbed by the container could be neglected.
 ΔH = Q
 ΔH = m* c* Δt
 Where : m : the mass of solution (gram)
c : the specific heat = 4.18 J/g.°C = 1 cal/g.°C
Δt : the temperature difference (°C) = (Tf – Ti )
Procedure :
Part A: Determination heat of neutralization for H 2SO4 + NaOH

 1. Put 25 mL of sodium hydroxide solution (0.5 M) in a foam cup and record its initial
 temperature (T1).
 2. Put 25 mL of sulphoric acid solution (0.5 M) in a foam cup and record its initial
 temperature (T2).
 3. Add sulphoric acid solution to the foam cup contains sodium hydroxide solution.
 4. Cover the cup and record final temperature of the salt solution (T3).
 5. Calculate (ΔH) from the relation ΔH = m* c* Δt, where Δt = T3 - .
Since heat of neutralization is measured by kJ/mol.
H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
1 mole + 2 moles → 1 mole + 2 moles
No. of moles of water formed (ZA mole) = 2 * no of moles of H2SO4 involved in the
reaction.
= no. of moles of NaOH involved in the reaction.
6. Calculate Molar heat of neutralization by ΔH/ZA.
Part B: Determination heat of neutralization for CH3COOH + NaOH
 1. Put 25 mL of sodium hydroxide solution (0.5 M) in a foam cup and record its initial
 temperature (T1).
 2. Put 25 mL of acetic acid solution (0.5 M) in a foam cup and record its initial
 temperature (T2).
 3. Add acetic acid solution to the foam cup contains sodium hydroxide solution.
 4. Cover the cup and record final temperature of the salt solution (T3).
 5. Calculate (ΔH) from the relation ΔH = m* c* Δt, where Δt = T3 - .
Since heat of neutralization is measured by kJ/mol.
CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) → CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)

1 mole + 1 mole → 1 mole + 1 mole

No. of moles of water formed (ZB mole)= no of moles of CH3COOH involved in the reaction.
= no of moles of NaOH involved in the reaction.
6. Calculate Molar heat of neutralization by ΔH/ZB.

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