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UNIT - I Probability - Problems

This document discusses probability and random variables. It covers topics like probability axioms, discrete and continuous random variables, probability mass functions, probability density functions, and special distributions like binomial and Poisson. The course outcomes include applying probability concepts to engineering problems, using the central limit theorem and covariance, regression analysis, and non-parametric tests. Example problems on probability are provided for different scenarios involving drawing balls from bags or cards from decks.

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S. ASHA ALICE HSC
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6 views

UNIT - I Probability - Problems

This document discusses probability and random variables. It covers topics like probability axioms, discrete and continuous random variables, probability mass functions, probability density functions, and special distributions like binomial and Poisson. The course outcomes include applying probability concepts to engineering problems, using the central limit theorem and covariance, regression analysis, and non-parametric tests. Example problems on probability are provided for different scenarios involving drawing balls from bags or cards from decks.

Uploaded by

S. ASHA ALICE HSC
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROBABILITY AND

STATISTICAL
TECHNIQUES

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UNIT I –PROBABILITY AND RANDOM VARIABLES

Probability - Axioms of probability –


Discrete random variable– Probability mass
function– Continuous random variable –
Probability density function – Probability
distribution – Cumulative distribution function –
Mean, Variance- Special distributions: Binomial
and Poisson distributions (Derivations not
included).
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COURSE OUTCOMES:
At the end of the course, students will be able to:

CO1- Apply probability and discrete distributions in engineering


field.
CO2- Find the probability using central limit theorem, covariance
for discrete random variable.
CO3- Compute correlation, regression and fitting of curve for
discrete data.

CO4- Apply non-parametric tests in real life problems..

CO5- Apply control charts in data analysis.

3
UNIT I
PROBABILITY AND RANDOM
VARIABLES

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1. A bag contains 3 red, 6 white and 7 blue balls,
What is the probability that two balls drawn are
white and blue?

Solution:

2. Two cards are drawn at random from a well-


shuffled pact of 52 cards, Show that the chance of
drawing two aces is 1/221.
Solution:

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3. Four cards are drawn from a pack of cards,
Find the probability that (i) all are diamond, (ii)
there is one card of each suit, and (iii) there are
two spades and two hearts.
Solution:

4.

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5. A committee of 4 people is to be appointed
from 3 officers of the production department, 4
officers of the purchase department, two officers
of the sales department and 1 chartered
accountant. Find the probability of forming the
committee in the following manner:
(i) There must be one from each category.
(ii) It should have at least one from the purchase
department.
(iii) The chartered accountant must be in the
committee.

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ii)
P [Committee has at least one purchase officer
 = 1 - P [Committee has no purchase officer]

iii) since a chartered accountant can be selected out of


one chartered accountant in only 1 way and the
remaining 3 members can be selected out of the
remaining 10 - 1= 9 persons in 9C3 ways.

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6. Three groups of children contain respectively 3 girls
and 1 boy, 2 girls and 2 boys, and 1 girl and 3 boys.
One child is selected at random from each group.
Show that the chance that the three selected consist of
1 girl and 2 boys is 13/32.

Group No. I II III


(i) Girl Boy Boy
(ii) Boy Girl Boy
(iii) Boy Boy Girl
Hence by addition theorem of probability,
Required probability = P (i) + P (ii) + P (iii)

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A box contains 6 red, 4 white and 5 black balls. A
person draws 4 balls from the box ,at random. Find
the probability that among the balls drawn there is
at least one ball of each colour.
Solution:
(i) 1 Red, 1 White, 2 Black balls
(ii) 2 Red, 1 White, 1 Black balls
(iii) 1 Red, 2 White, 1 Black balls.

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7. From a group of 8 children, 5 boys and 3 girls,
three children are selected at random. Calculate
the probabilities that selected group contains (i) no
girl, (ii) only one girl, (iii) one particular girl, (iv) at
least one girl, and (v) more girls than boys.
Ans. (i) 5/28, (ii) 15/28, (iii) 5/28, (iv) 23/28, (v) 2/7

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Rules for Probability

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A problem in Statistics is given to the three students
A,B and C whose chances of solving it are 1/2, 3/4 ,
and 1/4 respectively. What is ,the probability that the
problem will be solved if all of them try
independently?

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