In partial fulfilment of the

Requirement for the AISSCE of Class XII

Compost Or Fertilizer
(A Project Report)

Submitted By
RITHIKA.K.V

2023-2024

SRI VIJAY VIDYASHRAM

SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
[Affiliated to CBSE, New Delhi]
Dharmapuri – 636701 Tamil Nadu .
 SRI VIJAY VIDYASHRAM SR.SEC.SCHOOL
VIJAY NAGAR, DHARMAPURI – 636701
(Affiliated to CBSE, New Delhi, Affiliation Code – 1930307)

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
BIOLOGY PROJECT
Certified project work done by RITHIKA K V of class XII in Sri Vijay Vidyashram
Sr. Sec. School 2023 – 2024.
Submitted for Central Board of Senior Secondary Education examination held in Biology
Laboratory in Sri Vijay Vidyashram Sr. Sec. School, Dharmapuri.

Registration No :
Held on :
Center Code :

Internal Examiner Principal External Examiner

 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I wish to express my deep gratitude and sincere thanks to Dean Mam Mrs. Kowsalya, Principal Mam Mrs.
Yashoda, Vice Principal mam Mrs. Mahalakshmi, Coordinator mam Mrs. Tamilselvi of Sri Vijay Vidyashram
Senior Secondary School, Dharmapuri for their encouragement and for all the facilities that they provided for this
project work. I sincerely appreciate this magnanimity by taking me into his fold for which I shall remain indebted
to them.

I extend my hearty thanks to Biology sir Mr. Pamarti Shoban Babu PGT in Biology and Mr. Chennaiyan and
Biology mam Mrs. Koteeswaramma, who guided me to the successful completion of this project. I take this
opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude for his invaluable guidance, constant encouragement,
constructive comments, sympathetic attitude and immense motivation, which has sustained my efforts at all
stages of this project work.

I can’t forget to offer my sincere thanks to my classmates and parents who helped me to carry out this project
work successfully and for their valuable advice and support, which I received from them time to time.

RITHIKA K V
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.ABSTRACT
2.MAIN OBJECTIVE
3.BASIC QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
4.INTRODUCTION
5.ROLE OF NATURALLY OCUURING FERTILIZERS
6.ADVANTAGES OF FERTILIZERS
7.DISADVANTAGES OF FERTILIZERS
8.CONCLUSION
9.USES OF FERTILIZERS
10.REFERENCE
 ABSTRACT
The given topic was selected by me as I found this to be a challenging
task to complete and also very important knowledge to gain from it.
Organic fertilizers are naturally available mineral sources that contain
moderate amount of plant essential nutrients. They are capable of
mitigating problems associated with synthetic fertilizers. They reduce
the necessity of repeated application of synthetic fertilizers to maintain
soil fertility. They gradually release nutrients into the soil solution and
maintain nutrient balance for healthy growth of crop plants. They also
act as an effective energy source of soil microbes which in turn
improve soil structure and crop growth. Organic fertilizers are generally
thought to be slow releasing fertilizers and they contain many trace
elements. Hence, controlled release of organic fertilizers is an effective
and advanced way to overcome these impacts and maintain
sustainable agriculture yield.
 MAIN OBJECTIVE:

The purpose of my project is to find out the used

to provide additional nutrients to the plants. They are
added to improve the yield of the crops. Nitrogen-rich
fertilisers are used for the greening of lawns. Organic
fertilisers improve the texture and fertility of the soil.
 BASIC QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1.What are Fertilizers?
A fertilizer or fertiliser is any material of natural or synthetic origin
that is applied to soil or to plant tissues to supply plant nutrients. Fertilizers
may be distinct from liming materials or other non-nutrient soil amendments .
2.What is the role of Fertilizers?
Fertilisers improve the water holding capacity of the plants and increase
root depth. The potassium content present in the fertilisers strengthens the
straws and stalks of the plants.
3.What are side-effects of fertilisers?
Waterway pollution, chemical burn to crops, increased air pollution, soil
acidification, and mineral depletion are just a few of the problems that
chemical fertilisers problems. Synthetic fertilisers are said to destroy soil
microbes, according to some sources.
 4.Which component of fertilizer is used in stimulates early
growth purpose?
Phosphorus stimulates early growth and accelerates seeding
or fruit formation in later stages of growth while potassium is
essential to development of the starches of potatoes and grains.

5.What are the “Advantages Of Fertilisers” ?

The advantages of fertilisers are mentioned below:
1)Easy to transport, store, and apply
2)For supplying a specific nutrient we can select a specific fertiliser due
to its nutrient specific nature
3)Water-soluble and can easily dissolve in the soil. Hence, they are
easily absorbed by the plants
4)They have a rapid effect on the crops
5)Increase the crop yield and provide enough food to feed the large
population
6)Predictable and reliable
 INTRODUCTION
A fertilizer or fertiliser is any material of natural or synthetic origin
that is applied to soil or to plant tissues to supply plant nutrients.
Fertilizers may be distinct from liming materials or other non-
nutrient soil amendments. Many sources of fertilizer exist, both
natural and industrially produced. For most modern agricultural
practices, fertilization focuses on three main macro
nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) with
occasional addition of supplements like rock flour for micronutrients.
Farmers apply these fertilizers in a variety of ways: through dry or
pelletized or liquid application processes, using large agricultural
equipment or hand-tool methods.
Historically fertilization came from natural or organic
sources: compost, animal manure, human manure, harvested
minerals, crop rotations and byproducts of human-nature industries
(i.e. fish processing waste, or bloodmeal from animal slaughter).
However, starting in the 19th century, after innovations in plant
nutrition, an agricultural industry developed around synthetically
created fertilizers.
ROLE OF NATURALLY OCCURING FERTILIZERS
Typical organic fertilizers include all animal waste
including meat processing waste, manure, slurry,
and guano; plus plant based fertilizers such as compost;
and biosolids.Inorganic "organic fertilizers" include
minerals and ash. The organic-mess refers to
the Principles of Organic Agriculture, which determines
whether a fertilizer can be used for commercial organic
agriculture, not whether the fertilizer consists of organic
compounds.
 Advantages of Fertilizers
Below is a description of the advantages of a fertilizer:

*A fertilizer facilitates easy storage, transportation, and

application.
*For supplying a particular nutrient, one can choose a
particular fertilizer because of its nutrient particular nature.
*It is of a water-soluble nature that can dissolve in the soil in
an easy manner. Consequently, this facilitates plant
absorption.
*Their effect on the crops and plants is rapid.
*They enhance the crop yield
*Fertilizers facilitate sufficient food production that helps in
feeding a large population.
*They are safe, reliable, and are of a predictable nature.
 Disadvantages of Fertilisers
Fertilizers involve the following disadvantages:

*They are expensive due to which many farmers cannot afford

them.
*The ingredients in the fertilizers sometimes can be toxic to the
respiratory system and to the skin.
*Excessive use of fertilizer harms the plants and diminishes the
fertility of the soil.
*Leaching can occur due to fertilizer.
*Fertilizers can make their way to the river thereby causes
eutrophication.
*Long term use of these substances over time can diminish
microbial activity.
*The pH of the soil can be disturbed by these substances.
 CONCLUSION
*Today, use of fertilizers is seen as a necessary
agriculture technology.

*Firstly soil analysis should be performed

carefully, after then, fertilizers should be applied
to soil.

*The structure and chemical content of the soil

should be identified and most appropriate type
of fertilizers should be selected.
 Uses Of Fertilisers
The use of fertilizers can take place for various purposes.
Furthermore, such uses are mentioned below:

*Their use takes place to provide much-needed nutrients to the

plants.
*Their addition takes place for the improvement of the yield of the
crops.
*Nitrogen-rich fertilizer is used by people for the greening of lawns.
*The improvement of the fertility and texture of the soil can take
place by using organic fertilizer.
*The use of these substances takes place by gardeners to fulfil the
nutritional need of plants.
*The addition of these substances takes place in potted plants that
replace the lost nutrients.
 REFERENCE
Fertilizers have played an essential role in feeding a growing
global population. It’s estimated that just under half of the
people alive today are dependent on synthetic fertilizers.
They can bring environmental benefits too: fertilizers can
increase crop yields. By increasing crop yields we can reduce
the amount of land we use for agriculture.
But they also create environmental pollution. Many countries
overapply fertilizers, leading to the runoff of nutrients into
water systems and ecosystems.
A problem we need to tackle is using fertilizers efficiently:
yielding its benefits to feed a growing population while
reducing the environmental damage that they cause.
On this page you can find all our data, visualizations, and
writing relating to fertilizers.