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2 IntroToHCI

The document provides an overview of human-computer interaction (HCI), including its history from studies of human performance and factors in the early 20th century. It discusses how HCI draws from disciplines like psychology, cognitive science, ergonomics and engineering. The ideal HCI designer would have expertise across many topics. HCI involves both research into user needs and evaluation, as well as design of mental models and universal interactions. Computers now permeate many devices from phones to cars.

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9 views

2 IntroToHCI

The document provides an overview of human-computer interaction (HCI), including its history from studies of human performance and factors in the early 20th century. It discusses how HCI draws from disciplines like psychology, cognitive science, ergonomics and engineering. The ideal HCI designer would have expertise across many topics. HCI involves both research into user needs and evaluation, as well as design of mental models and universal interactions. Computers now permeate many devices from phones to cars.

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Blank User
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2.

What is HCI
HCI History
- The term human–computer interaction is in use since the early 1980s
- Systematic study of human performance began in earnest at the beginning of the last century in
factories, with an emphasis on manual tasks.
- WWII : interaction between human and machines – user performance –Human factors
- AS computer use became widespread :This research originally went under the name man–
machine interaction
- This later became popular as human–computer interaction
HCI and disciplines
The ideal designer of an interactive system would have expertise in a range of topics:
• psychology and cognitive science to give her knowledge of the user’s perceptual, cognitive and
problem-solving skills;
• ergonomics for the user’s physical capabilities;
• sociology to help her understand the wider context of the interaction;
• computer science and engineering to be able to build the necessary technology;
• business to be able to market it; graphic design to produce an effective interface presentation;
• technical writing to produce the manuals, and so it goes on.
There is obviously too much expertise here to be held by one person (or indeed four!), perhaps even
too much for the average design team.
HCI.. is..
• Highly related to all of these (design, human factors engineering, psychology, cognitive sciences)

• It is both research and design

• Research: needs, prototyping, evaluation


• Design: mental models, universal designs
Research

Design
Why HCI?
• “You might be an expert at interacting with the computer, but that doesn’t make you expert at
designing interactions between other humans and computers”

• Examples from other disciplines?


HCI Context

Industrial
UI Design
Design

Human Factors HCI UX Design


Engineering

Interaction
Product Design
Design
HCI vs. Human Factors Engineering
HCI
Human Factors Eng.
Designing interaction
Designing interaction
between people and
between humans
computers (products!)
products, systems,
devices. -How was HCI 20 years
ago vs now?
HCI vs. UI vs. UX
UI UX
• Ideas taken from print • The whole user
and magazines experience.
industries.
• It is how a person, the
• Interaction with single user, feels about
screen interacting with
or experiencing a
product.
HCI and psychology
• The human, the user, is, after all, the one whom computer systems are
designed to assist.
• Cognitive psychology.
• how humans perceive the world around them
• how they store and process information and solve problems
• how they physically manipulate objects
HCI (Human – Computer -
Interaction)
• How do humans perceive the world!
Class work / activity
• Think of the human as a system / computer.
• Write in bullet points how would you describe this system? In terms
I/O, memory, processing, what other factors might affect this system?
HCI (Human – Computer -
Interaction)
• How do humans perceive the world!
 Senses
 Memory
 Skills
 Experience
•
HCI (Human – Computer -
Interaction)
How information is handled by “the human system” as an “information processing system”
• Humans are limited in their capacity to process information. This has important implications for design.
• Information is received and responses given via a number of input and output channels:
• visual channel
• auditory channel
• haptic channel
• movement.
• Information is stored in memory:
• sensory memory
• short-term (working) memory
• long-term memory.
• Information is processed and applied:
• reasoning
• problem solving
• skill acquisition
• error.
• Emotion influences human capabilities.
• Users share common capabilities but are individuals with differences, which should not be ignored.
HCI (Human – Computer -
Interaction)
• What are some examples of Computer devices?
HCI (Human – Computer -
Interaction)
• What are some examples of Computer devices?
 Desktop
 Laptop
 Smart phone
 Smart watch
 What else?
HCI (Human – Computer -
Interaction)
• What are some examples of Computer devices?
 Desktop
 Laptop
 Smart phone
 Smart watch
 What else?

• Computer are everywhere!! Cars, microwave, heat controller.


HCI (Human – Computer -
Interaction)
• We got HUMANS and COMPUTERS, we are interested in their
INTERACTION !
HCI (Human – Computer -
Interaction)
• We got HUMANS and COMPUTERS, we are interested in their
INTERACTION ! By
• By interaction we mean: We want people to spend more time
interacting with their task and not with the interface
Time spent for the task itself
The interface should vanish in the process. It is the instrument, not the
goal.
Can you give example where you think about the task, and where you
think about the tool.
Team / Class work
• Divide into groups of 5-6.
• Each group gathers together an assortment of objects – pens, pencils, paperclips, books, sticky notes, etc. The stranger the object, the
better! You need a large number of them – at least 12 to 15.
• Place them in some compact arrangement on a table, so that all items are visible.
• Then, swap with another group for 30 seconds only and look at their pile.
• Return to your table, and on your own try to write down all the items in the other group’s pile.
• Compare your list with what they actually have in their pile.
• Compare the number of things you remembered with how the rest of your group did.
• Now think introspectively:
• what helped you remember certain things? Did you recognize things in their pile that you had in yours? Did that help?
Do not pack the things away just yet.
• Calculate the average score for your group. Compare that with the averages from the other group(s).
Questions:
• What conclusions can you draw from this experiment?
• What does this indicate
• about the capacity of short-term memory? What does it indicate that helps improve the capacity of short-term memory?
• How can you enhance the short term memory?
HW:
• How has windows OS changed? Starting its first release and till now?
• https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/02/from-windows-
1-to-windows-10-29-years-of-windows-evolution
• What did Microsoft have before that?
Assignment:
• This assignment will be required after the Newroz Break
• Read Ch. 1, HCI by Alan Dix
• Important topics:
• Sensory, short and Long term memory
• Mental models
• Memory load
• How can you enhance the short term memory?

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