Waste Generation

College of Health Sciences

Spring Semester/ 2021-2022
Global Issues in Environmental Health – HSC315
Instructors’ Name: Dr. Musthafa Mavukkandy
Student’s Names Students’ ID

Rawan Mohamed 1075463

Saydah Altabia 1078157

Leen Nasser 1075797

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 Introduction

The state of environmental degradation caused by the excessive waste

generation.

Causes of excessive waste generation

Contents: The local and global effects of excessive waste generation

Ways to reduce the per-capita waste generation

Conclusion

Recommendation

2
Introduction
• Waste generation is all the waste and materials that are being discarded, both non-hazardous and hazardous, whether
or not they will be disposed of or recycled later into a landfill (UN,2007).

• The unit of measurement for waste generation is kg per capita and kg per USD(UN,2007).

• According to the EPA, waste generation has an effects on land, water, air, and on humans.

• The materials that are being disposed into the land, water, and air could last for hundreds if not thousands of years
(EPA,2022).

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Introduction
 The aim of this presentation:

PRESENT ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS

IDENTIFY THE REASON BEHIND IDENTIFY THE MOST CRUCIAL AND
AND RECOMMENDATIONS THAT
EXCESSIVE WASTE GENERATION PROMINENT NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF
COULD BE CONSIDERED IN ORDER TO
WASTE DESTRUCTION BOTH LOCALLY
DEAL WITH THIS PROBLEM
AND GLOBALLY

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 Causes of Excessive Waste Generation

Population Growth Urbanization Economic Affluence

Activities

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 Causes of Excessive Rural and urban population worldwide, 1950
– 2050.

Waste Generation (UNDESA, 2014)

Population growth and Urbanization:

 population growth and urbanization are predicted to rise

waste generation by 70% from current levels to almost 4
billion tons in 2050.

 In 1900, the urban population was 13% of the world.

They generated less than 300 thousand tons of waste
daily.

 In 2000s, people living in cities had risen to 49%, and

waste increased to 3 million tons daily. It is predicted to
double by the year 2025 (Berg 2012).
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 Causes of Excessive Waste Generation

Economic activities and Affluence:

• The amount of solid waste generated has increased along with the growth of
GDP during the last few decades.
• High income regions are responsible for generating a third of the total
worldwide waste, with a quarter originating from the pacific and East Asia.
• In high income societies consumption is relatively high, and individuals
discard many products daily.(Hares 2018).

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 The State of Environmental Degradation

• According to Global Footprint Network, in terms of waste

absorption and utilization of resources, we are currently
75% over what the Earth can tolerate, and the rate continues
to rise.
• Excessive waste generation has a detrimental influence on
the environment in several ways, including its contribution
to worsening climate change, its adverse impact on wildlife
and the natural environment, as well as its impact to our
own public health.

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 The State of Environmental Degradation

Annually, 280 billion tons of Marine and coastal waterways are Due to runoffs, over a fifth of the
groundwater is being contaminated polluted worldwide due to runoffs. world's coral reefs have been gone or
due to microbial pollution of For example, the California mine is degraded. (Tons of waste dumped,
groundwater owing to sewage contaminating waterways with acidic 2022)
outfalls runoff.

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 The State of Environmental Degradation

The generation and incineration of waste are

If dumping plastics in oceans continue, it is major contributors to global warming,
predicted that there will be far more plastic in accounting for nearly 5% of world emissions.
the water than fish by 2050. (Downs 2019). Unless significant measures are made, this
figure will rise by more than 60% by 2050.

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The local effects of excessive
waste generation:

• The per capita MSW generation has reached 1.8 kg per day in
UAE, which is one of the highest rates of waste generation in
the world.

• The excessive waste generation in UAE has many

consequences on :

1. Environmental health.

2. Public health.

3. Economy.
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The local effects of excessive waste generation:

Environmental Health: public Health

Economic consequences:

1. production of methane 1. Methane-related diseases

1. Losses were estimated at 1.5B
2. loss of biodiversity (asthma, respiratory problems, DHS annually due to the lack of
3. Land destruction chronic lung diseases) proper recycling of waste.
4. Water pollution 2. Heat-related illnesses 2. The financial losses resulting
from food waste reached 13-12
billion DHS annually.
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The global effects of
excessive waste generation:
• Waste production is increasing rapidly.

• Globally, 50%-65% of the methane gas is produced by

landfill and MSW.

• Globally, the percentage of waste incinerated is 40% of the

total waste, which poses a danger to both environmental
and public health.

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The global effects of excessive waste generation:

Environmental Health:
• Climate change/ Global warming
• Air pollution/ Poor air quality
• Marine life destruction

Public Health:
• Diseases like HIV and hepatitis may occur due to improper disposal of medical waste.
• Increasing in respiratory diseases such as asthma or different types of cancers.
• Foodborne diseases (salmonella and tetanus)

Economical consequences:
• The cost of waste management is very expensive, as the price of municipal solid waste management is
expected to rise globally from 205 billion to 375 billion per year.

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 The global effects of
excessive waste generation:
• Njoku et al. (2019) found that 78% of people who live near
landfills reported diseases such as influenza, eye irritation
and weakness of the body.

• In a study conducted in India to examine the effects of waste

on human health, it was found that people who live around
garbage dumps were exposed to skin irritation, allergies,
asthma, and some diseases of the digestive system (De &
Debnath, 2016).

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 Economical and environmental ways to reduce the
per-capita waste generation:
• Impose a garbage tax:
1. In Switzerland, because taxes on waste apply to everyone, the proportion of unclassified waste has decreased by
40%. Moreover, people are recycling organic waste and aluminium more.

2. Dubai has significantly raised the price of waste disposal in landfills from 10 DHS to 100 DHS per ton of non-
recyclable waste due to the increase in the quantities of the non-recyclable wastes.

• Law enactment:
1. The environment agency in Abu Dhabi (2022), has banned the use of single-use plastic bags in order to reduce plastic
waste that is difficult to recycle and poses many environmental challenges.

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 Societal elements of sustainability to reduce waste
generation:

• Community must cooperate to play its part toward achieving sustainability.

• Awareness of the services available that help reduces waste or recycle it is very
important.

• It is important to have effective communication between waste management

organizations and community members for the community to learn about waste
management.

• Knowledge of waste management services, programs, and initiatives and how

to dispose of them safely plays a key role in reducing waste generation in the
society 17
 Societal elements of sustainability to reduce
waste generation:

Manufacturer Take Deposit-refund

Pay as you throw
back program System

Dubai Integrated
Waste to Energy
Waste Management
In UAE Project
Master Plan in 2012

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 Conclusion

A. The state of the earth in relation to waste production and utilization of resources is 75% over the
capacity that it can hold.
B. Waste degradation current techniques have severe effects on public health, wildlife, and climate change.
C. Some of the causes for the excessive generation of waste is caused by population growth, urbanization,
industrialization, economic activities, and affluence.
D. Waste generation increased in the UAE, as it has reached 1.8 kg per day per capita.
E. Ways to reduce per-capita waste generation like imposing a garbage tax, raising the price of waste
disposal in landfills, banning the use of single-use plastic bags, and creating programs like “Pay as you
Throw” .

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Recommendations:

20
 Challenges and Limitations

Challenges to the recommendations:

Sometimes recycling is Another challenge is to

Recycled items are
costly and may requires change the people's habits
frequently of lower quality
many additional and attitudes to reduce their
(Dooley, 2016).
procedures. consumption and waste.

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 Challenges and Limitations
Limitations:

Implementation of PAYT may be constrained with the income of households, particularly in low-income
communities, which may raise issues such as illegal dumping (Pollans, 2022).

Recycling is more prevalent in schools, households, and offices. Although it makes a difference, but its impact
is negligible in comparison to the huge quantities of waste and deforestation that occur on an industrial scale.

Lastly, waste reduction. Decreasing waste in one stage of the manufacturing process may result in waste
creation in another. For example, food that utilize energy and resources to produce may be wasted due to the
restrictions in limiting the use of plastics, metal, paper, and glass in its packaging.
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Thank You
Any questions?

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