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14 views

Lec 1

Uploaded by

احمد نصار
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
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Knowledge-based

Systems
Dr Afaf Mousa
Groups
knowledge based system vs an expert
system

?
What is an expert system?

 An expert system is an intelligent computer program that uses knowledge(experience)


and inference procedures to solve problems that are difficult enough to require human
expertise for their solutions.

 An expert system is a computer program designed to simulate the problem-


solving behavior of an expert in a narrow domain or discipline.
What is KBS?

 A knowledge-based system (kbs) is a computer program that uses knowledge


and problem solving techniques
knowledge based system vs an expert system

 What’s the difference between a knowledge-based system and an expert system?


 An expert system is scientific and focused on solving a range of related problems (ex,
medicine),
 whereas a knowledge-based system relies more upon the programmer or data scientist to
make effective use of a large set of data.
Human expert

 Is a person who has expertise in certain area.

Human expert Characteristics:


- knowledge or special skills(experience)
- Solve problems that most people can’t solve
- Solve problem more efficiently than others.
Why Expert system
Artificial Intelligence
What is AI?

 Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that is studying how


to let computers perform functions considered to be high level human
activities
Expert System Main Components

Expert Systems:
Human Expertise

 Knowledge base –

Knowledge base systems:


Data

 Inference engine – draws conclusions from the knowledge base


Basic Functions of Expert Systems
Characteristics of an expert system

 Expertise:
 Exhibit expert performance
 Have high level of skill
 Symbolic reasoning
 Represent knowledge symbolically
 Depth
 Handle difficult problem domains
 Use complex rules
 Self-knowledge
 Examine its own reasoning
 Explain its operation
 HOW TO BUILD AN EXPERT SYSTEM ?
1. The knowledge engineer establishes
a dialog with the human expert.
2. The knowledge engineer codes the
knowledge explicitly in the
knowledge base.
3. The expert evaluates the expert
system and gives a critique to the
knowledge engineer
Representing knowledge

 Rule-based methods
 Frame-based methods
Rule-based methods

 A rule is a formal way of specifying a recommendation or advice


 A rule is expressed as
 IF THEN
IF you are hungry THEN eat
Example Rules

18
Structure of a Rule-Based Expert System
Structure of a Rule-Based Expert System
Drawing inferences from rules

 Forward chaining
 Backward chaining
Forward chaining

(data-driven)– reasoning from facts to the conclusions,

1) the user provides the system with information (facts)


2) it seats the information (facts) in the working memory,
3) the inference engine scans the rules in some predefined sequence looking for one whose
pattern match the contents in the working memory. If it finds a rule, it adds the satisfied
rule to agenda to be fired, adds rule’s conclusion to the working memory,
4) the system checks the rule again looking for new matches,
5) on the new cycle, rules that were previously fired are ignored,
6) this procedure continues until no match is found
⮚ working memory contains information provided by the user and inferred by the
system.
General Methods of Inferencing
 Consider the following knowledge base:
Rule1
If A and C then F
Rule 2 WM:A,B, E, G, D
If A and E then G
Rule 3
KB:
A and C then F Agenda
If B then E A and E then G B then E
Rule 4 B then E A and E then G
G then D G then D
If G then D
Problem: prove that if A&B is true then D is true

23
EXPERT SYSTEM vs
CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM
?

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