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Lesson 4 - WATER AND ITS PROPERTIES

The document discusses the unique properties of water including its polarity, ability to dissolve many substances, high heat capacity, high heat of vaporization, cohesive and adhesive properties, unusually high boiling point, and lower density as a solid compared to as a liquid. Several activities are also described to demonstrate water's surface tension and ability to dissolve substances.

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14 views

Lesson 4 - WATER AND ITS PROPERTIES

The document discusses the unique properties of water including its polarity, ability to dissolve many substances, high heat capacity, high heat of vaporization, cohesive and adhesive properties, unusually high boiling point, and lower density as a solid compared to as a liquid. Several activities are also described to demonstrate water's surface tension and ability to dissolve substances.

Uploaded by

Anonymous 09
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Jose Abad Santos High School

Senior High School

GENERAL
CHEMISTRY2
WATER AND ITS PROPERTIES
REVIEW
• IMF and the properties of liquid:
• surface tension,
• viscosity,
• vapor pressure,
• boiling point, and
• molar heat of vaporization
Objective:

•Explain the properties of water with its


molecular structure and intermolecular
forces
WATER: A VERY UNUSUAL LIQUID

• Water is an essential substance to life.

• It is the most abundant compound on earth, and


comprises about more than 60% of the human body.

• But it is also one of the most unusual substances on


earth.
Think about it!

•What other substances other than water


can exist naturally in all three states?
•What are some unusual properties of
water?
• Activity 1
• 1. Fill a small glass jar all the way to the top with water.
• 2. What do you think would happen if you were to add
twenty-five centavo coins to it?
• 3. Try adding coins one at a time. What happens to the
water in the cup?
• 4. How many coins can you add without causing the
water to overflow?
• Activity 2
• 1. Take some water with a straw and put a few drops on plastic
sheet.
• (a) What is the shape of the drop?
• (b) Move a drop around with your straw. Does the drop change?
• 2. Move one of the drops close to another one with your straw.
What happens when two drops meet?
• 3. Put a small amount of one of the solids (salt, pepper, sugar,
talcum powder) on one of the drops. Does the shape change?
• 4. Try this again with the other solids.
• Activity 3
• 1. Put some water in your cup.
• 2. Sprinkle black pepper all over the surface. What does
the pepper do? Record your observations.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of WATER
• Odorless
• Colorless
• Tasteless
• Fpt= 0OC (32oF)
• Bpt.= 100oC (212oF)
• Density = 1 g/ml, EXACTLY!0.9998395 g/ml at 4.0° Celsius (39.2°
Fahrenheit)
The Unique Properties of
Water
The Unique Properties of Water…..
• Water is polar. ...
• Water is an excellent solvent. ...
• Water has high heat capacity. ...
• Water has high heat of vaporization. ...
• Water has cohesive and adhesive properties. ...
• Water is less dense as a solid than as a liquid.
The Unique Properties of Water…..
Water is polar.
Water molecules are polar, with partial positive charges on the
hydrogens, a partial negative charge on the oxygen, and a bent overall
structure.

This is because oxygen is more electronegative, meaning that it is


better than hydrogen at attracting electrons.
The Unique Properties of Water…..
Water is an excellent solvent.

Water has the unique ability to dissolve many polar and ionic
substances.
This is important to all living things because, as water travels
through the water cycle, it takes many valuable nutrients
along with it!
The Unique Properties of Water…..
Water is an excellent solvent.

Gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide will dissolve in water


The Unique Properties of Water…..
Water is an excellent solvent.

• Relate this property to the role of water in plant nutrition:


Plants are able to absorb nutrient ions dissolved in water.
Relate this property to issues of pollution:
• Issues can be caused however by the ease of which
pollutants from farming and industrial plants are dissolved
The Unique Properties of Water…..
Water has high heat capacity.
 It takes a lot of energy to raise the temperature of a certain amount of
water by a degree, so water helps with regulating temperature in the
environment.

For example, this property allows the temperature of water in a pond


to stay relatively constant from day to night, regardless of the
changing atmospheric temperature.
Specific heat
• Specific heat is the amount of heat or energy needed to raise the temperature
of one gram of a substance by 1oC.
• The specific heat of water is 1 calorie/g-oC (4.18 J/g-oC), one of the highest
for many liquids.
• Water can absorb a large amount of heat even if its temperature rises only
slightly.
• To raise the temperature of water, the intermolecular hydrogen bonds should
break.
• The converse is also true; water can give off much heat with only a slight
decrease in its temperature.
• This allows large bodies of water to help moderate the temperature on earth
The Unique Properties of Water…..
Water has high heat capacity.
•Relate this property to changing climate
and the capacity of bodies of water to
act as temperature buffer:
The Unique Properties of Water…..
Water has high heat of vaporization.

Water is converted from its liquid form to steam when the heat of
vaporization is reached.
Since sweat is made mostly of water, the evaporating water absorbs
excess body heat, which is released into the atmosphere. This is
known as evaporative cooling.
The Unique Properties of Water…..
Water has cohesive and adhesive properties.
Water molecules have strong cohesive forces due to their ability to
form hydrogen bonds with one another.

Cohesive forces are responsible for surface tension, the tendency of a


liquid’s surface to resist rupture when placed under tension or stress.
Water also has adhesive properties that allow it to stick to substances
other than itself.

These cohesive and adhesive properties are essential for fluid transport in many
forms of life.
For example, they allow nutrients to be transported to the top of a tree against
the force of gravity.
The boiling point of water unusually high.
• Many compounds similar in mass to water have much lower boiling
points. The strong intermolecular forces in water allow it to be a
liquid at a large range of temperatures.
The boiling point of water unusually high.

• Relate this property to questions on small


water bodies drying up:
The Unique Properties of Water…..
Water is less dense as a solid than as a liquid.
As water freezes, the molecules form a crystalline structure that
spaces the molecules further apart than in liquid water.
This means that ice is less dense than liquid water, which is why it
floats.
This property is important, as it keeps ponds, lakes, and oceans
from freezing solid and allows life to continue to thrive under the
icy surface.
Solid water is less dense, and in fact floats on
liquid water.
• Unlike all other liquids, the molecules in solid water are actually
farther apart than they are in liquid water
• When solid water forms, the hydrogen bonds result in a very open
structure with unoccupied spaces, causing the solid to occupy a larger
volume than the liquid.
• This makes ice less dense than liquid water, causing ice to float on
water.
The Unique Properties of Water…..
Water is less dense as a solid than as a liquid.
Relate this property to the survival of
aquatic organisms in temperate
countries:

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