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Airport Design - Module 3

The document discusses wind rose diagrams which are used in airport engineering to determine runway orientation. It provides details on two types of wind rose diagrams and how they depict wind direction, speed and duration. It includes examples and practice problems demonstrating how to draw wind roses and calculate optimal runway orientation and usage based on wind data tables.

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Ralph Angelo Estiller
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26 views

Airport Design - Module 3

The document discusses wind rose diagrams which are used in airport engineering to determine runway orientation. It provides details on two types of wind rose diagrams and how they depict wind direction, speed and duration. It includes examples and practice problems demonstrating how to draw wind roses and calculate optimal runway orientation and usage based on wind data tables.

Uploaded by

Ralph Angelo Estiller
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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M.3.

Design of Airport
Runway
RALPH ANGELO B. ESTILLER
Faculty, CE Department
Runway
A defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing and take-
off of aircraft.
The Wind Rose
Diagram
Wind rose diagram is a
graphical depiction of wind direction,
velocity, and duration at a particular
location. A wind rose is used extensively in
airport engineering, especially in the
orientation of runways and the overall
architectural layout of airports.
Types of Wind Rose
Diagrams
A typical wind rose consists of
concentric circles, radial lines
emanating from the circles’ center and
polar coordinates.

Type – I
This wind rose plots the wind’s
direction and duration. The radial lines
show the direction of the wind, while
the circles indicate the duration of the
wind in that direction.
Type – II
It shows the strength, duration and
direction of wind. The size of the
circles represents the speed of the
wind. Each section’s value indicates
the annual average percentage of
time that winds of that strength
blow from that direction. The angle
of the radial lines indicates the
direction of the wind.
Some Type-II wind rose diagrams have additional data encoded in the
colours of their spokes. Every spoke is colour-coded to indicate a different
range of speeds, and the length of the banding on the spoke denotes the
frequency.

The size of the circle in the middle represents the percentage of times when
wind conditions are calm (calm period). The larger it is, the more the times
that calm wind conditions prevail. In a calm period, the wind speed from
any direction is less than 6.4 kilometres per hour.

Wind data for a wind rose should be acquired for at least 5 years, and
preferably for 10, to provide a credible average.
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1:
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2:
PRACTICE PROBLEM 1:
The table below gives the average wind data of the airport site when the wind
intensity is above 6 kph. Draw a suitable wind rose diagram for the said data.
Also, determine the best orientation of the runway. If the maximum deviation of
wind from the direction of landing and take-off is permitted up to 33.75 degrees,
determine the percentage of time in a year during which the runway can be used
for flights.

WIND PERCENTAGE WIND PERCENTAGE


DIRECTIO OF TIME DIRECTIO OF TIME
N N
N 6.6 S 7.7
NNE 10.3 SSW 14.3
NE 8.1 SW 10.6
ENE 3.9 WSW 5.7
E 1.8 W 3.9
ESE 0.90 WNW 0.5
SE 0.40 NW 0.3
SSE 4.1 NNW 4.2
PRACTICE PROBLEM 2:
The table below shows a typical wind data for an airport site.
Determine the best orientation of the runway and percentage of time
during which the runway can be used. Does it require a second
runway? If so, determine the total coverage.

Percentage of Time Total in


each
6-25 25-50 kph 50-80 kph direction
Wind Direction kph (%)

N 4.60 1.40 0.10


NNE 3.40 0.75 0.00
NE 1.80 0.03 0.10
ENE 2.80 0.02 0.03
E 2.10 2.20 0.00
ESE 5.40 4.75 0.00
SE 6.40 1.40 0.00
SSE 7.50 0.02 0.00
NORMAL LANDING: This case requires that the aircraft should come to
stop within 60% of the landing distance. The runway of full-strength pavement is provided for
the entire landing distance.

STOP
15 m
60% of the landing distance

Landing distance

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