CSE316

OPERATING SYSTEMS
Lecture #0
The kick start session
Operating Systems
Course details
• LTP – 3 0 0 [Three lectures/week]
• Credit – 3
Assessment/Evaluation Scheme
• Attendance: 5%
• CA: 25%
• MTT: 20%
• ETT: 50%
Complete evaluation criteria for the course
CA1: 30 marks- Test (Online Quiz of 30 Questions)
To assess the students’ understanding on Introduction to Operating System,
Process Management, CPU Scheduling, and Process Synchronization
NOTE: The CA1 will be allocated in 5th Week and conducted in 6th Week.
CA2: 30 marks- Test (Class Test-Student will write the answers on test sheets)
To assess the students’ understanding on Threads, Deadlock, Protection and
Security, and Memory Management.
NOTE: The CA2 will be allocated in 11th Week and conducted in 12th Week.
CA3: 30 marks- Test (Simulation Based Assignment)
To assess the students’ logic building and programming skills. Scenario-based
problems on operating system concepts will be given to code in C language. The
students will code and submit the code online withing stipulated time.
NOTE: The CA3 will be allocated in 3rd Week and student will submit it in 10th
Week.
Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy
Course outcomes
Through this course students should be able to:
CO1 :: understand the role, functionality and layering of the system software
components.
CO2 :: use system calls for managing processes, memory and the file
system.
CO3 :: Analyze important algorithms eg process scheduling and memory
management algorithms.
CO4 :: use and outline the various security measures that ensure threat free
operation of a system.
CO5 :: apply various operations on processes, threads and analyze methods
to synchronize their execution.
CO6 :: simulate inter-process communication techniques like message
passing and shared memory.
 Program Outcomes
PO1
Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science,
engineering fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of
complex engineering problems.

PO2
Problem analysis::Identify, formulate, research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.

PO3
Design/development of solutions::Design solutions for complex engineering
problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified
needs with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the
cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.

PO4
Conduct investigations of complex problems::Use research-based knowledge
and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and
interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid
conclusions.
 Program Outcomes
PO5
Modern tool usage::Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex
engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.

PO6
The engineer and society::Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent
responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.

PO7
Environment and sustainability::Understand the impact of the professional engineering
solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of,
and need for sustainable development.

PO8
Ethics::Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities
and norms of the engineering practice.

PO9
Individual and team work::Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or
leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
 Program Outcomes
PO10
Communication::Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and
write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give
and receive clear instructions.

PO11
Project management and finance::Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering, management principles and apply the same to one’s own work, as a member
or a leader in a team, manage projects efficiently in respective disciplines and
multidisciplinary environments after consideration of economic and financial factors.

PO12
Life-long learning::Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage
in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

PO13
Competitive Skills::Ability to compete in national and international technical events and
building the competitive spirit alongwith having a good digital footprint.
Course contents
Unit I
Introduction to Operating System : Operating System Meaning,
Supervisor & User Mode, review of computer organization,
introduction to popular operating systems like UNIX,
Windows, etc., OS structure, system calls, functions of OS,
evolution of OS
Process Management : PCB, Operations on Processes, Co-
operating and Independent Processes, Inter-Process
Communication, Process states, Operations on processes,
Process management in UNIX, Process concept, Life cycle,
Process and threads
Course contents
Unit II
CPU Scheduling : Types of Scheduling,
Scheduling Algorithms, Scheduling criteria,
CPU scheduler - preemptive and non
preemptive, Dispatcher, First come first serve,
Shortest job first, Round robin, Priority, Multi
level feedback queue, multiprocessor
scheduling, real time scheduling, thread
scheduling
Course contents
Unit III
Process Synchronization : Critical Section Problem,
Semaphores, Concurrent processes, Cooperating
processes, Precedence graph, Hierarchy of
processes, Monitors, Dining Philosopher Problem,
Reader-writer Problem, Producer consumer problem,
classical two process and n-process solutions,
hardware primitives for synchronization
Threads : Overview, Multithreading Models, scheduler
activations, examples of threaded programs
Course contents
Unit IV
Deadlock : Deadlock Characterization, Handling of deadlocks-
Deadlock Prevention, Deadlock Avoidance & Detection,
Deadlock Recovery, Starvation
Protection and Security : Need for Security, Security
Vulnerability like Buffer overflow, Trapdoors, Backdoors,
cache poisoning etc, Authentication-Password based
Authentication, Password Maintenance & Secure
Communication, Application Security - Virus, Program
Threats, Goals of protection, Principles of protection, Domain
of protection, Access matrix, implementation of access
matrix, System and network threats, Examples of attacks
Course contents
Unit V
Memory Management : Logical & Physical Address Space,
Swapping, Contiguous Memory allocation, Paging,
Segmentation, Page replacement algorithms, Segmentation -
simple, multi-level and with paging, Page interrupt fault,
Fragmentation - internal and external, Schemes - Paging -
simple and multi level, Overlays - swapping, Virtual memory
concept, Demand paging
 Course contents
Unit VI
File Management : File Concepts, Access methods, Directory
Structure, File System Mounting and Sharing, Protection,
Allocation methods, Free-Space Management, Directory
Implementation
Device management : Dedicated, shared and virtual devices,
Serial access and direct access devices, Disk scheduling
methods, Direct Access Storage Devices – Channels and
Control Units
Inter process communication : Introduction to IPC (Inter process
communication) Methods, Pipes - popen and pclose
functions, Co-processes, Shared memory, Stream pipes,
FIFOs, Message queues, Passing File descriptors, Semaphores
Mapped Cohorts
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT-(Product Based and Service
Based) The business environment relies heavily on software
for many functions - from automated traffic control systems
to complex manufacturing processes, and Software Engineers
are pivotal in the development of software that provides real
solutions.
A Software Engineer needs to address the entire software
development lifecycle - to analyse the needs, and then
design, test and develop software in order to meet those
needs. The career of a software engineer typically follows one
of two primary paths: they either progress through greater
responsibility and ownership over technical architecture and
systems or they progress into managing teams of software
engineers.
Why OS is a Star Course?
Operating system interview questions are mostly focused on
process management(fork()), CPU scheduling algorithms,
difference between a process and a thread, critical solution
problem(mutex and semaphore) and memory management in
operating system.
Why OS is a Star Course?-Contd.
In Computer Science and Engineering, Operating System
is one of the scoring subject with respect to GATE exam.
So, It is very important to know all the important topics
of Operating System. As it has easily understandable
theory and a really set pattern of questions. There is a
really less probability of doing wrong in the questions of
this subject if you know the concepts well .
Relevancy of OS for Placements
Operating system is one of the most important topic for
Placement preparation. Following are the most important
topics for Operating Systems –
• CPU Scheduling
• Process Synchronization
• Deadlocks
• Popular Algorithms
• Processes and Threads
• Memory Management
• File and Disk Management
 Text & Reference Books
Text Books:
1. OPERATING SYSTEM CONCEPTS by ABRAHAM SILBERSCHATZ, PETER B.
GALVIN, GERG GAGNE, WILEY
References:
1. DESIGN OF THE UNIX OPERATING SYSTEM by MAURICE J. BACH, Pearson
Education India
2. REAL-TIME SYSTEMS by JANE W. S. LIU, Pearson Education India
Importance of the course
• Many of the recruiters (like TCS, CTS, HCL,
IBM, Tech Mahindra, Amdocs etc.) ask
operating systems in Technical Quiz and
Technical Interview round.
• This course is very important for GATE
aspirants, it’s having good weightage in
GATE.
Next Class: Introduction to Operating System