Scribd
Upload
119 views

Colligative Properties of Electrolytes and Non-Electrolytes Solution

Uploaded by

Harvie Picazo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
119 views

Colligative Properties of Electrolytes and Non-Electrolytes Solution

Uploaded by

Harvie Picazo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES OF

ELECTROLYTES AND NON-


ELECTROLYTES SOLUTION
BY:ELVIS HARVIE U. PICAZO
COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES

• EARLY SCIENTISTS WERE PUZZLED ABOUT THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS


INVOLVING DIFFERENT SOLUTES. SOME SUBSTANCES DEPRESSED THE FREEZING
POINT OR ELEVATED THE BOILING POINT OF A SOLVENT MORE THAN EXPECTED.
• PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLUTION THAT DEPENDS ON THE AMOUNT OF A
SOLUTE BUT NOT ON THE NATURE OF SOLUTE.
• THE COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES DEPEND ON THE RATIO OF THE SOLUTE AMOUNT
AND SOLVENT AMOUNT.
THREE MAJOR COLLIGATIVES PROPERTIES

VAPOR PRESSURE
LOWERING
COLLIGATI
VE
PROPERTIE BOILING POINT
S ELEVATION

FREEZING POINT
DEPRESSION
ELECTROLYTE VS NON-ELECTROLYTES

ELECTRLYTES are NON-ELECTROLYTES


substances that can form are substance that are not
solution that are able to capable of forming
conduct electricity through electrolytic solution
this solution. Such
solutions are known as
electrolytic solution

ELECTROLY NON-
TES ELECTROLYTES
COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES OF NON-
ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION
• DEPEND ON THE AMOUNT OF SOLUTE REGADLESS THE NATURE OF SOLUTE.
• NON-ELECTROLYTES ARE SUBSTANCES THAT DO NOT CREAT CONDUCTIVE
SOLUTION WHEN DISSOLVED IN A SOLVENT.

REMEMBER:
THE NUMBER OF SOLUTES PRESENT IN A NON- ELECTROLYTIC SOLUTION IS LESS COMPARED TO AN
ELECTROLYTIC SOLUTION THEREFORE THE SFFECT OF NON-ELECTROLYTES ON COLLIGATIVE
PROPERTIES IS ALSO VERY LOW.
VAPOR PRESSURE OF NON-ELECTROLYTE
SOLUTION
• VAPOR PRESSURE IS MEASURE OF THE TENDENCY OF MATERIAL TO ESCAPE INTO
THE ENVIRONMENT VIA GAS.
• A SUBSTANCES THAT EVAPORATES QUICKLY HAS HIGH VAPOR PRESSURE AND IS
REFFERED TO AS A VOLATILE SUBSTANCE.
• WHEN A SOLUTE IS ADDED TO A SOLVENT, THE VAPOR PRESSURE DECREASES.
LOWERING OF VAPOR PRESSURE

• THE VAPOR PRESSURE OF A SOLVENT IS LOWERED BY THE ADDITION OF A NON-


VOLATILE SOLUTE TO FORM A SOLUTION.
• THIS DECREASES IN VAPOR PRESSURE CAN BE EXPLAINED BY USING THE
ENTROPY DIFFERENCES OF THE LIQUID AND GAS PHASES ALONG WITH THE
POSITION OF DISSOLVED PARTICLES AFTER THE ADDITION OF THE SOLUTE.
SOLUTE PARTICLE LOCATION

IN PURE SOLVENT, ALL OF THE LIQUID MOLECULES ON THE SURFACE CAN


EVAPORATE AND TRANSITION TO THE GASEOUS PHASE. IN A SOLUTION
SOMESPOTS ON THE SURFACE ARE OCCUPIED BY SOLUTE MOLECULES.
OVERALL, LESS SOLVENT WILL TRANSITION TO THE GASEOUS PHASE RESULTING
IN A DECREASE IN VAPOR PRESSURE.
EQUILIBRIUM VAPOR PRESSURE GIVEN BY
RAOULT’S LAW
• RAOULT’S LAW STATES THAT THE VAPOR PRESSURE OF AN IDEAL SOLUTION IS DEPENDENT ON THE
VAPOR PRESSURE OF THE PURE SOLVENT AND THE MOLE FRACTION OF THE COMPONENT PRESENT IN
THE SOLUTION. FOR AN IDEAL SOLUTION EQUILIBRIUM VAPOR PRESSURE IS GIVEN BY RAOULT’S LAW.

PA=XAPOA
XA IS THE MOLE FRACTION OF COMPOUND A, AND

POA IS THE NORMAL VAPOR PRESSURE OF A AT THAT TEMPERATURE


SAMPLE EXERCISE CALCULATION OF VAPO-
PRESSURE LOWERING

GLYCERIN(C3H8O3) IS A NON-VOLATILE NON-ELECTROLYTE WITH A DENSITY OF


1.26G/ML AT 25°C. CALCULATE THE VAPOR PRESSURE AT 25°C OF A SOLUTION MADE
BY ADDING 50.0ML OF GLYCERIN TO 500.0ML OF WATER. THE VAPOR PRESSURE OF
PURE WATER AT 25ºC IS 23.8 TORR, AND ITS DENSITY IS 1.00G/ML.
FREEZING POINT DEPRESSION

• THE PHENOMENA THAT DESCRIBES WHY ADDING A SOLUTE TO A SOLVENT


RESULTS IN THE LOWERING OF THE FREEZING POINT OF THE SOLVENT.

You might also like