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ANDROGENESIS

The document discusses methods for producing haploid plants, including anther/microspore culture (androgenesis) and ovule/ovary culture (gynogenesis). Androgenesis involves culturing anthers to produce haploid embryos, while gynogenesis involves culturing ovules or ovaries to produce haploid embryos. The techniques allow for doubling of chromosomes to generate dihaploid plants with normal growth and fertility.

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Ragha
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30 views

ANDROGENESIS

The document discusses methods for producing haploid plants, including anther/microspore culture (androgenesis) and ovule/ovary culture (gynogenesis). Androgenesis involves culturing anthers to produce haploid embryos, while gynogenesis involves culturing ovules or ovaries to produce haploid embryos. The techniques allow for doubling of chromosomes to generate dihaploid plants with normal growth and fertility.

Uploaded by

Ragha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HAPLOID PLANT

PRODUCTION
Haploids
• Typically weak, sterile plant
• Usually want to double the chromosomes,
creating a dihaploid plant with normal growth &
fertility
• Chromosomes can be doubled by
– Colchicine treatment
– Spontaneous doubling
ANDROGENESIS
GYNOGENESIS
Ovule Culture
• Haploids can be induced from ovules
• The number of ovules is less and thus is used
less than anther culture
• May be by organogenesis or embryogenesis
• Used in plant families that do not respond to
androgenesis
– Liliaceae
– Compositae
OVULE CULTURE TECHNIQUE
(Gynogenesis)
 Flowers in maximum elongation and
enlargement where ovules contain a mature sac
 Flowers are sterilized ,inoculated on pre culture
medium
 After 10-14 days , ovules are removed and
plated
 Embryos from ovule culture required 25 days
 For ovary and flower culture ,50-55 and 65-70
days respectively
Ovule culture

For fertilized ovules


 Ovary is collected and surface sterilized (1-12
d) post pollination
 Ovary cut open, ovules scooped out placed
on medium.
For unfertilized ovules
 Ovary is collected 24-48 h prior to anthesis.
Applications
 Inter specific and inter generic crosses hybrid
embryo frequently aborts.
 Embryo rescue successful but the embryo fails to
develop beyond heart or torpedo shaped stage.
 Resorting to ovule culture or a combination of ovule -
embryo culture to obtain the hybrid progeny
 Unfertilized ovule culture to obtain gynogenic
haploids.
Ovary culture
 Whole flower buds are excised (2-15 days) post
pollination

 Calyx, corolla and stamen are removed

 Ovaries surface sterilized and inoculated

 To obtain un pollinated ovaries, flower buds are


removed 24-48 hours prior to anthesis.
Bulbosum Method

Hordeum Hordeum
vulgare
Barley X bulbosum
Wild relative
2n = 2X = 14 2n = 2X = 14
↓
Embryo Rescue

Haploid Barley
2n = X = 7
H. Bulbosum
chromosomes
eliminated

 This was once efficient method to derive haploid plants in


barley
 Now, with an improved culture media (sucrose replaced by
maltose), microspore culture is much more efficient (~2000
plants per 100 anthers)

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