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Linear Equations and Functions (P&S) - Part 02

The document discusses slope and the equation of a line in slope-intercept form. It provides examples of using slope to represent rates of change and defines slope as rise over run. The document also explains how to write equations in slope-intercept form and interpret the slope and y-intercept.

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Rk Sharafat
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42 views

Linear Equations and Functions (P&S) - Part 02

The document discusses slope and the equation of a line in slope-intercept form. It provides examples of using slope to represent rates of change and defines slope as rise over run. The document also explains how to write equations in slope-intercept form and interpret the slope and y-intercept.

Uploaded by

Rk Sharafat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linear Equations

and Functions
Reference:
Chapter 01
Prichett & Saber (P&S)
Slope of a Straight Line

• The slope of a straight line is simply the change in the value of y


brought about by a 1 unit increase in the value of x .
• For the equation:
y=2x−3
• let us choose x = 5 and increase this by a single unit to get x = 6.
 y = 2(5) − 3 = 10 − 3 = 7
 y = 2(6) − 3 = 12 − 3 = 9
The value of y increases by 2 units when x rises by 1 unit.
The slope of the line is therefore 2, which is the value of a .
SLOPE (CONTD.)

Slope (m) =
=
=

4
SLOPE (CONTD.)

Slope of CD
M

5
SLOPE (CONTD.)

6
SLOPE (CONTD.)

7
SLOPE (APPLICATION)
• Rate of change
• Per unit of change
• Dependent variable’s rate of change with
respect to independent variable.

8
SLOPE (APPLICATION)
• Disposable income
• Personal consumption expenditures
• Savings

9
SLOPE (APPLICATION)

10
SLOPE (APPLICATION)

Q (575, 537)

P (312, 295)

11
SLOPE (CONTD.)

Slope

P (312, 295)
Q (575, 537)

12
SLOPE (APPLICATION)

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SLOPE (APPLICATION)
• MPC
• The rate of change in consumption
expenditures per one taka of additional
income.
• MPC = 0.92
• BDT 0.92 out of every additional BDT 1.00
in income will go to consumer expenditures.

14
SLOPE (APPLICATION)
• What has happened to BDT 0.08?

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SLOPE (APPLICATION)
• What has happened to BDT 0.08?
• Marginal propensity to save (MPS)
MPS = 1 – MPC

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EQUATION OF A LINE: SLOPE-
INTERCEPT FORM

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EQUATION OF A LINE: SLOPE-
INTERCEPT FORM

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EQUATION OF A LINE: SLOPE-
INTERCEPT FORM
Write 2y + 3x = 18 in slope-intercept form
and state the value of the slope and the y-
intercept.

19
EQUATION OF A LINE: SLOPE-
INTERCEPT FORM
Write 2y + 3x = 18 in slope-intercept form
and state the value of the slope and the y-
intercept.
Y=- x+9

20
EQUATION : SLOPE-INTERCEPT
FORM (APPLICATION)
It costs $2,500 to set up the presses and machinery
needed to print and bind a paperback book. After setup,
its costs $2 per book printed and bound. Let x
represents the number of books made and y the total
cost of making this number of books.
a) Write the equation for y in terms of x
b) State the slope of the line, and interpret this number
c) State the y-intercept of the line, and interpret this
number.
21
EQUATION : SLOPE-INTERCEPT
FORM (APPLICATION)
It costs $2,500 to set up the presses and machinery needed to print and
bind a paperback book. After setup, its costs $2 per book printed and
bound. Let x represents the number of books made and y the total cost of
making this number of books.

a) Write the equation for y in terms of x


Total cost = variable cost + fixed cost
y = 2x + 2500

22
EQUATION : SLOPE-INTERCEPT
FORM (APPLICATION)
It costs $2,500 to set up the presses and machinery needed to print and bind a
paperback book. After setup, its costs $2 per book printed and bound. Let x
represents the number of books made and y the total cost of making this number of
books.

b) State the slope of the line, and interpret this number.


• The slope, 2, means that every additional book
printed, starting with the first copy, adds $2 to the
total cost.
• Can it be said that books cost $2 per copy.

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EQUATION : SLOPE-INTERCEPT
FORM (APPLICATION)
• For example, if x = 100 books are made, then total cost
is y = 2(100) + 2,500 = $2,700 and $2,700 for 100
books is an average cost per copy of
= $27 not $2 per copy.
• Distinction between average cost per copy and the
slope of the line
• Slope = variable cost per copy = marginal cost = the
extra cost when an additional copy is made.

24
EQUATION : SLOPE-INTERCEPT
FORM (APPLICATION)
It costs $2,500 to set up the presses and machinery needed to
print and bind a paperback book. After setup, its costs $2 per book
printed and bound. Let x represents the number of books made
and y the total cost of making this number of books.

c) State the y-intercept and interpret this number.


The y-intercept, $2,500, is total cost when x = 0 books
are made. That is, at x = 0,
y = 2(0) + 2,500 = $2,500

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EQUATION : SLOPE-INTERCEPT
FORM (APPLICATION)
• This means if the machines were made ready and
then it was decided not to print the book, this cost
would still be incurred. This is why we referred to it
earlier as the fixed cost.
• The cost of making no units (the overhead).
• Other examples of fixed cost are the cost of
insurance on machinery whether or not it is used,
and continuing rent on a building that is used only
part-time.

26
Practice Problem
Use the slope–intercept approach to sketch the lines
(a) y = x + 2
(b) 4x + 2y = 1
a) b)
Class Practice

• Takeout launched two new burgers: Panda


Katsu and Madox on 1 January 2022.
Predictions of sales are given by:
Panda Katsu: S1 = 4 + 0.5n
Madox: S2 = 8 + 0.1n
where Si (in thousands) denotes the
monthly sales of burger i after n months.
(a) State the values of the slope and intercept
of each line and give an interpretation.
(b) Illustrate the sales of both burgers during
the first year by drawing graphs on the same
axes.
(c) Use the graph to find the month when
sales of Panda Katsu overtake those of
Madox.
Graphical Output

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