Python - Data Types

Apr 4, 2024 Python Programming 1

Data Types
• It defines what type of data we are going to
store in a variable.
• Python has various built-in data types
• Numeric - int, float, long, complex
• String - str
• Sequence - list, tuple, range
• Binary - bytes, bytearray, memoryview
• Mapping - dict
• Boolean - bool
• Set - set, frozenset
• None - NoneType
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• Python supports four different numerical
types
• int (signed integers)
• long (long integers, they can also be represented in octal
and hexadecimal)
• float (floating point real values)
• complex (complex numbers)
• Python allows the use of a lowercase l with long,
but it is recommended that you use only an
uppercase L

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• A complex number consists of an ordered pair of
real floating-point numbers denoted by x + yj,
where x and y are the real numbers and j is the
imaginary unit.

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Python String Data Type
• Python Strings are identified as a contiguous set of
characters represented in the quotation marks.
• Python allows for either pairs of single or double
quotes.
• Subsets of strings can be taken using the slice operator
([ ] and [:] ) with indexes starting at 0 in the beginning
of the string and working their way from -1 at the end.
• The plus (+) sign is the string concatenation operator
and the asterisk (*) is the repetition operator in Python

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Built-in String Methods
No Methods Description
1 capitalize() Capitalizes first letter of string
2 count(str, beg= Counts how many times str occurs in string or in a
0,end=len(string)) substring of string if starting index beg and ending index
end are given.
3 isdigit() Returns true if string contains only digits and false
otherwise.
4 islower() Returns true if string has at least 1 cased character and all
cased characters are in lowercase and false otherwise.

5 isnumeric() Returns true if a unicode string contains only numeric

characters and false otherwise.
6 len(string) Returns the length of the string

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Escape Characters
Backslash Hexadecimal Description
notation character
\a 0x07 Bell or alert
\b 0x08 Backspace
\e 0x1b Escape
\f 0x0c Formfeed
\n 0x0a Newline
\r 0x0d Carriage return
\s 0x20 Space
\t 0x09 Tab
\v 0x0b Vertical tab
\x Character x
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Python List Data Type
• Python Lists are the most versatile compound data
types.
• It contains items separated by commas and enclosed
within square brackets ([]).
• Python lists are similar to arrays in C.
• The values stored can be accessed using the slice
operator ([ ] and [:]) with indexes starting at 0 in the
beginning of the list and working their way to end -1.
• The plus (+) sign is the list concatenation operator, and
the asterisk (*) is the repetition operator
• Lists have many methods, including index, count,
remove, reverse, sort
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Python Tuple Data Type
• Python tuple is another sequence data type.
• It consists of a number of values separated by
commas.
• Unlike lists, tuples are enclosed within parentheses.
• The main differences between lists and tuples are:
Lists are enclosed in brackets ( [ ] ) and their
elements and size can be changed, while tuples are
enclosed in parentheses ( ( ) ) and cannot be
updated.
• Tuples can be thought of as read-only lists.
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Python Dictionary
• Python dictionaries are kind of hash table type.
• They work like associative arrays or hashes found in
Perl and consist of key-value pairs.
• A dictionary key can be almost any Python type, but
are usually numbers or strings.
• Values, on the other hand, can be any arbitrary
Python object.
• Dictionaries are enclosed by curly braces ({ }) and
values can be assigned and accessed using square
braces ([]).
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Python Data Type Conversion
• To convert data between different Python
data types, you simply use the type name as
a function.

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 S/N Function & Description
1 int(x [,base]) - Converts x to an integer. base specifies the base if x is a string.
2 long(x [,base] ) - Converts x to a long integer. base specifies the base if x is a string.
3 float(x) - Converts x to a floating-point number.
4 complex(real [,imag]) - Creates a complex number.
5 str(x) - Converts object x to a string representation.
6 repr(x) - Converts object x to an expression string.
7 eval(str) - Evaluates a string and returns an object.
8 tuple(s) - Converts s to a tuple.
9 list(s) - Converts s to a list.
10 set(s) - Converts s to a set.
11 dict(d) - Creates a dictionary. d must be a sequence of (key,value) tuples.
12 frozenset(s) - Converts s to a frozen set.
13 chr(x) - Converts an integer to a character.
14 unichr(x) - Converts an integer to a Unicode character.
15 ord(x) - Converts a single character to its integer value.
16 hex(x) - Converts an integer to a hexadecimal string.
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17 oct(x) - Converts an integer to an octal string.
 Python – Operators

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Python operators
• Python operators are the constructs which can
manipulate the value of operands.
• Python language supports the following operators.
• Arithmetic Operators
• Comparison (Relational) Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Membership Operators
• Identity Operators
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Arithmetic Operators
Operator Name Example
+ Addition 10 + 20 = 30
- Subtraction 20 – 10 = 10
* Multiplication 10 * 20 = 200
/ Division 20 / 10 = 2
% Modulus 22 % 10 = 2
** Exponent 4**2 = 16
// Floor Division 9//2 = 4
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Python Comparison Operators

Operator Name Example

== Equal 4 == 5 is not true.
!= Not Equal 4 != 5 is true.
> Greater Than 4 > 5 is not true.
< Less Than 4 < 5 is true.
>= Greater than or Equal to 4 >= 5 is not true.
<= Less than or Equal to 4 <= 5 is true.

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Python Assignment Operators
Operator Name Example
= Assignment Operator a = 10
+= Addition Assignment a += 5 (Same as a = a + 5)
-= Subtraction Assignment a -= 5 (Same as a = a - 5)
*= Multiplication Assignment a *= 5 (Same as a = a * 5)
/= Division Assignment a /= 5 (Same as a = a / 5)
%= Remainder Assignment a %= 5 (Same as a = a % 5)
**= Exponent Assignment a **= 2 (Same as a = a ** 2)
//= Floor Division Assignment a //= 3 (Same as a = a // 3)

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Python Bitwise Operators
Operator Name Example

& Binary AND Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1

| Binary OR Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1

^ Binary XOR Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1

~ Binary Ones Inverts all the bits

Complement
<< Binary Left Shift Shift left by pushing zeros in from the right
and let the leftmost bits fall off

>> Binary Right Shift Shift right by pushing copies of the leftmost
bit in from the left, and let the rightmost bits
fall off
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Python Logical Operators
Operator Description Example
and Logical If both the operands are true then (a and b)
AND condition becomes true. is true.
or Logical If any of the two operands are non-zero (a or b) is
OR then condition becomes true. true.
not Logical Used to reverse the logical state of its Not(a
NOT operand. and b) is
false.

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Python Membership Operators
Operator Description Example

in Evaluates to true if it finds a x in y, here in results in a

variable in the specified sequence 1 if x is a member of
and false otherwise. sequence y.

not in Evaluates to true if it does not x not in y, here not in

finds a variable in the specified results in a 1 if x is not a
sequence and false otherwise. member of sequence y.

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Python Identity Operators
Operator Description Example

is Evaluates to true if the variables on

either side of the operator point to x is y, here is results in 1 if
the same object and false id(x) equals id(y).
otherwise.
is not Evaluates to false if the variables on
x is not y, here is
either side of the operator point to
not results in 1 if id(x) is
the same object and true
not equal to id(y).
otherwise.

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Python Operators Precedence
S/N Operator Description

1 ** Exponentiation (raise to the power)

2 ~+- Complement, unary plus and minus (method names
for the last two are +@ and -@)
3 * / % // Multiply, divide, modulo and floor division
4 +- Addition and subtraction
5 >> << Right and left bitwise shift
6 & Bitwise 'AND'
7 ^| Bitwise exclusive `OR' and regular `OR'
8 <= < > >= Comparison operators
9 <> == != Equality operators
10 = %= /= //= -= += *= **= Assignment operators
11 is is not Identity operators
12 in not in Membership operators
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13 not or and Logical operators